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181 社会比较：Festinger, L. (1954). A theory of social comparison processes. Human Relations, 7(2), 117–140.
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181 责任的分散：Darley, J. M., & Latané, B. (1968). Bystander intervention in emergencies: Diffusion of responsibility. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 8(4), 377–383.
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182 “只有一个目击者……”：Darley, J. M., & Latané, B. (1968). Bystander intervention in emergencies: Diffusion of responsibility. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 8(4), 377–383, p. 378.
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182 鹅会去援助：Kristof, N. D. (2008, July 31). A farm boy reflects. The New York Times.and, Kristof, N. D. (2013, October 20). Are chicks brighter than babies? The New York Times, p. SR13.
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182 黑脸猴：Cheney, D. L., & Seyfarth, R. M. (1990). How monkeys see the world: Inside the mind of another species. Chicago, IL: University of Chicago Press.
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182 猫鼬会轮流站岗：Santema, P., & Clutton-Brock, T. (2013). Meerkat helpers increase sentinel behaviour and bipedal vigilance in the presence of pups. Animal Behavior, 85(3), 655–661.
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182 催产素……社会关联荷尔蒙：Madden, J. R., & Clutton-Brock, T. H. (2010). Experimental peripheral administration of oxytocin elevates a suite of cooperative behaviors in a wild social mammal. Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences, 278(1709), 1189–1194.
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第5章
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184 露丝是一位6岁小孩的已婚妈妈，今年37岁了：这个场景是唯一一个没有逐字摘抄文献的场景——这只是虚构的几位前额叶受损患者中的一位，目的在于让读者更好地了解功能受损。具体细节参见 Penfield, W. (1935). The frontal lobe in man: A clinical study of maximum removals. Brain, 58(1), 115–133.
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184 厄尼突然失去了正确评估未来需求的能力：Eslinger, P. J., & Damasio, A. R. (1985). Severe disturbance of higher cognition after bilateral frontal lobe ablation: Patient EVR. Neurology, 35(12), 1731. 为了保护病人隐私，我更改了患者的名字。
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185 “我知道我想要画出来，但我就是不去做……”：Goel, V., & Grafman, J. (2000). Role of the right prefrontal cortex in ill-structured planning. Cognitive Neuropsychology, 17(5), 415–436, p. 423.
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186 光波本身是无色的：Newton, I. (1995). The Principia (A. Motte, Trans.). New York, NY: Prometheus Books.
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187 夜幕降临后，人们有多种方式知晓时间：Lombardi, M. A. (2007, March 5). Why is a minute divided into 60 seconds, an hour into 60 minutes, yet there are only 24 hours in a day? Scientific American.
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Masters, K. (2006, April 5). Why is a day divided into 24 hours? Ask an astronomer. 摘自 http:// curious. astro. cornell. edu/ question. php? number= 594
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187 古巴比伦人也将一天划为固定的24小时：Wright, A. (2008). Glut: Mastering information through the ages. Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press, p. 257.
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187 著名的古希腊数学家、天文学家喜帕恰斯：North, J. D. (1975). Monasticism and the first mechanical clocks. In J. T. Fraser et al. (Eds.), The study of time II. New York, NY: Springer-Verlag.
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188 世界上每天大约有150000人死亡：疾病预防与控制中心（2014年2月 13日），死亡与死亡率，摘自http:// www. cdc. gov / nchs/ fastats/ deaths. htm。
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Central Intelligence Agency (2010). The world factbook. Washington, DC: U. S. Government Printing Office.
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De Grey, A. D. N. J. (2007). Life span extension research and public debate: Societal considerations. Studies in Ethics, Law, and Technology, 1(1), 1941–6008.
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189 即使这些基因可能会在以后的时间里产生不良影响：Kirkwood, T. B. L., & Austad, S. N. (2000). Why do we age? Nature, 408(6809), 233–238.
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189 基因变异只会在人类晚期挑战人类的生存：Kirkwood, T. B. L., & Austad, S. N. (2000). Why do we age? Nature, 408(6809), 233–238.
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189 细胞能够分裂的次数也存在限制：Shay, J. W., & Wright, W. E. (2000). Hayflick, his limit, and cellular ageing. Nature Reviews Molecular Cell Biology, 1(1), 72–76.
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189 每分钟60~100下：Laskowski, E. R. (2009, September 29). What’s a normal resting heart rate? Mayo Clinic. 摘自 http:// www. mayoclinic. com / health/ heart-rate/ AN01906。
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190 照片很有趣，因为：感谢戴维·克罗斯比的观察。
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190 每250毫秒一次：Roxin, A., Brunel, N., Hansel, D., Mongillo, G., & van Vreeswijk, C. (2011). On the distribution of firing rates in networks of cortical neurons. The Journal of Neuroscience, 31(45), 16217–16226.
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