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192 酒精会通过破坏……：Trantham-Davidson, H., Burnett, E. J., Gass, J. T., Lopez, M. F., Mulholland, P. J., Centanni, S. W., … Chandler, L. J. (2014). Chronic alcohol disrupts dopamine receptor activity and the cognitive function of the medial prefrontal cortex. The Journal of Neuroscience, 34(10), 3706–3718.
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192 额叶多巴胺能神经元：Courchesne, E., Mouton, P. R., Calhoun, M. E., Semendeferi, K., Ahrens-Barbeau, C., Hallet, M. J., … Pierce, K. (2011). Neuron number and size in prefrontal cortex of children with autism. JAMA, 306(18), 2001–2010.
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193 左旋多巴：Arnsten, A. F. T., & Dudley, A. G. (2005). Methylphenidate improves prefrontal cortical cognitive function through α2 adrenoceptor and dopamine D1 receptor actions: Relevance to therapeutic effects in Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder. Behavioral and Brain Functions, 1(1), 2.
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Owen, A. M., Sahakian, B. J., Hodges, J. R., Summers, B. A., Polkey, C. E., & Robbins, T. W. (1995). Dopamine-dependent frontostriatal planning deficits in early Parkinson’s disease. Neuropsychology, 9(1), 126–140.
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Tucha, L., Tucha, O., Sontag, T. A., Stasik, D., Laufkötter, R., & Lange, K. W. (2011). Differential effects of methylphenidate on problem solving in adults with ADHD. Journal of Attention Disorders, 15(2), 161–173.
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193 大脑……它却消耗了整个身体能量的20％：Clarke, D. D., & Sokoloff, L. (1999). Circulation and energy metabolism of the brain: Substrates of cerebral metabolism. In G. J. Siegel, B. W. Agranoff, R. W. Albers, S. K. Fisher, & M. D. Uhler (Eds.), Basic neurochemistry: Molecular, cellular and medical aspects (6th ed.) (pp. 637–669). Philadelphia, PA: Lippincott-Raven.
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193 单个静止神经元的电压输出：一个典型的神经元的静息电位为–70 mV，这意味着它有一个负电荷，iPod输出为正电荷。
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194 给猫头鹰播放音乐：Janata, P. (1997). Electrophysiological studies of auditory contexts. Dissertation Abstracts International: Section B: The Sciences and Engineering, University of Oregon.
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194 化学物质被释放在特定的位置……大脑中的信息流：直接引自Anderson, D. (2011). Your brain is more than a bag of chemicals. [视频] TedX CalTech.
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194 它们从葡萄糖处获得能量：Clarke, D. D., & Sokoloff, L. (1999). Circulation and energy metabolism of the brain: Substrates of cerebral metabolism. In G. J. Siegel, B. W. Agranoff, R. W. Albers, S. K. Fisher, & M. D. Uhler (Eds.), Basic neurochemistry: Molecular, cellular and medical aspects (6th ed.) (pp. 637–669). Philadelphia, PA: Lippincott-Raven.
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Sokoloff, L., Reivich, M., Kennedy, C., Des Rosiers, M. H., Patlak, C. S., Pettigrew, K. E. A., … Shinohara, M. (1977). The [14C]deoxyglucose method for the measurement of local cerebral glucose utilization: Theory, procedure, and normal values in the conscious and anesthetized albino rat. Journal of Neurochemistry, 28(5), 897–916.
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194 除睾丸外：Himwich, H. E., & Nahum, L. H. (1929). The respiratory quotient of testicle. American Journal of Physiology, 88(4), 680–85.
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Setchell, B. P., & Waites, G. M. H. (1964). Blood flow and the uptake of glucose and oxygen in the testis and epididymis of the ram. Journal of Physiology, 171(3), 411–425.
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194 服食葡萄糖能够提高大脑对艰巨任务的处理能力：Hoyland, A., Lawton, C. L., Dye, L. (2008). Acute effects of macronutrient manipulations on cognitive test performance in healthy young adults: A systematic research review. Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews, 32(1), 72–85.
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Riby, L. M., Law, A. S., McLaughlin, J., & Murray, J. (2011). Preliminary evidence that glucose ingestion facilitates prospective memory performance. Nutrition Research, 31(5), 370–377.
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Scholey, A. B., Harper, S., & Kennedy, D. O. (2001). Cognitive demand and blood glucose. Physiology & Behavior, 73(4), 585–592.
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195 增加的消耗的大脑能量：哈佛大学医学院。（2004，7月）三种不同的人30分钟内燃烧的热量。Harvard Heart Letter. 卡路里的数量取决于你的体重，这是一个150磅的人；根据你的体重，每25磅增加或减少8卡路里。
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195 连接一个个的神经元：Harris, J. J., Jolivet, R., & Attwell, D. (2012). Synaptic energy use and supply. Neuron, 75(5), 762–777.
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195 无缝数据链：Kastenbaum, S. (Producer). (2012, May 26). Texting while walking a dangerous experiment in multitasking [Audio podcast]. 摘自 http:// news. blogs. cnn. com/ 2012/ 05/ 26/ texting-while-walking-a-dangerous-experiment-in-multitasking/。
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196 “……深入思考”：引自 Tuged, A. (2008, October 25). Multitasking can make you lose … um … focus. The New York Times, p. B7.
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196 大脑的唤醒系统偏好新奇的事物：Tucker, D. M. (1987, May). Hemisphere specialization: A mechanism for unifying anterior and posterior brain regions. In D. Ottoson (Chair), Duality and unity of the brain: Unified functioning and specialization of the hemispheres (pp. 180–193). Symposium conducted at The Wenner-Gren Center, Stockholm, Sweden. New York, NY: Plenum Press.
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196 人类努力工作： 几乎直接引自 Gopnik, A. (2011, May 22). The great illusion. [Review of the book Soul Dust by N. Humphrey]. The New York Times Book Review, p. 19.
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196 专注与创造之间的平衡：一些有创意的音乐家，当他们需要执行重复任务，如数字音频编辑，他们会服用提高多巴胺的药物，但他们绝不会在作曲或演奏音乐的时候服用药物。
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197 用于关注任务的重要神经化学物质： 美国国家医学图书馆（2007年9月）. Genetics home reference: Genes, COMT. 摘自 http:// ghr. nlm. nih. gov/ gene/ COMT。
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197 按照某种并不是那么有新意的指引：Colzato, L. S., Waszak, F., Nieuwenhuis, S., Posthuma, D., Hommel, B. (2010). The flexible mind is associated with the catechol-O-methyltransferase (COMT) Val158Met polymorphism: Evidence for a role of dopamine in the control of task-switching.Neuropsychologia, 48(9), 2764–2768.
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