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4.Inhofe quote: nytimes.com/2003/08/05/science/politics-reasserts-itself-in-the-debate-over-climate-change-and-its-hazards.html.
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5.cases of measles spiked: cdc.gov/measles/cases-outbreaks.html.
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6.10 percent of parents: dailycamera.com/news/ci_19848081.
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7.doctors are not to be trusted: www.thehealthyhomeeconomist.com/six-reasons-to-say-no-to-vaccination.
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8.increase to about 70 percent: These results are summarized in the 2014 version of the Science and Engineering Indicators report.
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9.MMR vaccine: B. Nyhan, J. Reifler, S. Richey, and G. L. Freed (2014). “Effective Messages in Vaccine Promotion: A Randomized Trial.”Pediatrics133(4): e835–e842.
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10.Science Mike: kernelmag.dailydot.com/issue-sections/headline-story/14304/science-mike-mystical-experience-podcast.
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11.Science Mike quote
:mikemchargue.com/blog/2015/1/11/new-podcast-ask- science-mike.
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12.“Earth revolves around the Sun”: www.techtimes.com/articles/3493/20140216/dumb-101-1-in-4-americans-is-ignorant-that-earth-revolves-around-the-sun.htm.
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13.consume more pharmaceuticals: V. Ilyuk, L. Block, and D. Faro (2014). “Is It Still Working? Task Difficulty Promotes a Rapid Wear-Off Bias in Judgments of Pharmacological Products.”Journal of Consumer Research41(3): 775–793.
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14.AAAS conclusion: Statement by the AAAS Board of Directors on Labeling of Genetically Modified Foods. American Association for the Advancement of Science, October 20, 2012. www.aaas.org/sites/default/files/AAAS_GM_statement.pdf.
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15.European Commission conclusion: A Decade of EU-funded GMO Research, 2001–2010. European Commission: Food, Agriculture and Fisheries, Biotechnology. ec.europa.eu/research/biosociety/pdf/a_decade_of_eu-funded_gmo_research.pdf.
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16.Florida orange crop: http://www.nytimes.com/2013/07/28/science/a-race-to-save-the-orange-by-altering-its-dna.html?page- wanted=all&_r=0.
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17.sunlight cannot get stuck in a window: Y. Zheng, L. E. Bolton, and J. W. Alba (working paper). “How Things Work: Production Matters in Technology Acceptance.”
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18.oversimplification of how the immune system works: www.health.harvard.edu/staying-healthy/how-to-boost-your-immune-system.
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19.antibodies that target specific infections: www.biologymad.com/resources/Immunity%20Revision.pdf.
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20.Generalized versus specific immunity: This idea was inspired by a conversation with Joanna Arch.
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21.global warming in a short video: www.howglobalwarming works.org/.
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第九章 政治的错觉
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1.Kaiser Family Foundation: http://kff.org/health-reform/poll-finding/kaiser-health-tracking-poll-april-2013/.
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2.Ukraine’s location: www.washingtonpost.com/blogs/monkey-cage/wp/2014/04/07/the-less-americans-know-about-ukraines-location-the-more-they-want-u-s-to-intervene.
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3.Oklahoma State University survey: Food Demand Survey, Oklahoma State Department of Agricultural Economics, 2(9), 2015. www.washingtonpost.com/news/volokh-conspiracy/wp/2015/01/17/over-80-percent-of-americanssupport-mandatory-labels-on-foods-containing-dna.
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4.Clint Eastwood quote: Interview,Time, February 20, 2005.
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5.groupthink:I. L. Janis (1983).Groupthink: Psychological Studies of Policy Decisions and Fiascoes, 2nd ed. Boston: Houghton Mifflin, 349.
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6.Polarization from discussion: An early paper showing this effect is D. Pruitt (1971). “Choice Shifts in Group Discussion: An Introductory Review.”Journal of Personality and Social Psychology20(3): 339–360. A review of the literature can be found in D. J. Isenberg (1986). “Group Polarization: A Critical Review and Meta-Analysis.”Journal of Personality and Social Psychology50(6): 1141–1151.
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