打字猴:1.70172306e+09
1701723060
1701723061 17Ibid.,p. 180.
1701723062
1701723063 18Ibid.,p. 181.
1701723064
1701723065 19Ibid.,p. 165.
1701723066
1701723067 20Terrence Des Pres,The Survivor:An Anatomy of Life on the Death Camp. New York:Pocket Books,1977,p. 32.
1701723068
1701723069 《朗读者》和纳粹罪恶的后代记忆
1701723070
1701723071 1Ruth Franklin,A Thousand Darkness:Lies and Truth in Holocaust Fiction. Oxford University Press,2001,p. 201.
1701723072
1701723073 2Ibid.
1701723074
1701723075 3Christopher R. Browning,“German Memory,Judicial Interrogation,and Historical Reconstruction:Writing Perpetrator History from Postwar Testimony.”In Saul Friedlander,ed.,Probing the Limits of Representation:Nazi and the “Final Solution”. Cambridge,M.A.:Harvard University Press,1992,p. 32.
1701723076
1701723077 4Arno Mayer,Why Did the Heavens Not Darken?The “Final Solution”in History. New York,Pantheon Books,1988,p. 365.
1701723078
1701723079 5Martin Broszat,“Hitler und die Genesis der ‘Endlsung.’ Aus Anlass der Thesen von David Irving.”Vierteljahrshefte für Zeitgeschichte,25,no. 4(1977),730775. Hans Mommsen,“Die Realisierung des Utopischen:Die ‘Endlsung der Judenfrage’ in ‘Dritten Reich.’”Geschichte und Gesellschaft,9,no. 3(1983),381420.
1701723080
1701723081 6Christopher R. Browning,Ordinary Men:Reserve Police Battalion 101 and the Final Solution in Poland. New York:HarperCollins,1992.
1701723082
1701723083 7Bruno Bettelheim,“Their Specialty Was Murder.”New York Times Book Review,October 15,1986,p. 62.
1701723084
1701723085 8Christopher R. Browning,“German Memory,Judicial Interrogation,and Historical Reconstruction.”p. 36.
1701723086
1701723087 9Peter Schneider,“The Sins of the Grandfathers.”New York Times Magazine,December 3,1995. http://www.nytimes.com/1995/12/03/magazine/thesinsofthegrandfathers. html?pagewanted=all&src=pm.
1701723088
1701723089 10Ibid.
1701723090
1701723091 11“Bernhard Schlink interviewed by Eleanor Wachtel.”Queen’s Quarterly,106:4(Winter 1999):pp. 544555.
1701723092
1701723093 12Ibid.
1701723094
1701723095 公共传媒和创伤记忆
1701723096
1701723097 1Jeffery C. Alexander,“Toward a Theory of Cultural Trauma.”In Jeffery C. Alexander et al.,Cultural Trauma and Collective Identity. Berkeley,CA:University of California Press,2004,p. 2.
1701723098
1701723099 在引用亚历山大时,我援引的基本是王志弘的译文。见王志弘译:《迈向文化创伤理论》,www.cc.shu.edu.tw/~gioc/download/jeffrey_Chinese.doc。
1701723100
1701723101 2Ibid.
1701723102
1701723103 3发生在1933年到1945年的针对犹太人的大迫害,以焚烧书籍开始暴行,以焚烧活人达到了邪恶的顶点。Holocaust指的就是这场灾难。但是Holocaust这个说法本身可能包含某种令犹太人不安的语义。Holocaust同时包含两层意思,一是启示性的大毁灭,一是圣经所说的燃烧的祭祀品,是为上神而作的牺牲。而后一层意思是否与“基督教对犹太历史的解读相一致”。见Sidra Ezrahi,By Words Alone:The Holocaust in Literature. Chicago:Chicago University Press,1980,p. 2。
1701723104
1701723105 许多犹太人宁愿使用希伯莱文的shoah或意第绪文的hurban,这两个说法都没有来自希腊语的holocaust的那种肯定牺牲的语义。旧约语言的shoah指的是破坏、灾难和凄凉,在现代用法中更是指一种灾难性破坏,它从此根本改变了人对上帝、社会和人类看法。意第绪语的hurban也有这些含义,并兼指充满苦难和蹂躏的漫长历史。见S. Lillian Kremer,Witness through the Imagination. Detroit:Wayne State University Press,1989,p. 8。
1701723106
1701723107 4“Nation Replies in Grim Fury to Jap Brutality to Prisoner.”Newsweek,February 7,1944,p. 19.
1701723108
1701723109 5“Bonnell Denounces German Atrocities.”New York Times,April 23,1945,p. 12.
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