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5“Bonnell Denounces German Atrocities.”New York Times，April 23，1945，p. 12.
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6Alan Mintz，Popular Culture and the Shaping of Holocaust Memory in America. Seattle：University of Washington Press，2001，p. 17.
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7Ibid.，p. 18.
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8Elie Wiesel，Night.Trans. Stella Rodway；foreword by Francois Mauriac. New York：Hill and Wang，1958.维赛尔自己坚持说，他的《夜》不是小说，而是“自传历史”（autobiographic history）。见Graham B. Walker，Jr.“Transfiguration.”In Rosemary Horowitz，Elie Wiesel and the Art of Storytelling. Jefferson，NC：McFarland，2006，p. 156。维赛尔的《夜》1958年刚在美国出版时，并没有引起人们注意。这本书的题材和问题意识都有非常鲜明的犹太特征。它后来在美国产生巨大影响，是另一种意义上的普遍性认同。法恩（E. S. Fine）对此有很好的说明：“大屠杀对犹太人是一场大浩劫，对基督徒也是一样，因为基督教有漫长的排犹历史。大屠杀灾难因此牵动了整个西方文明。”Ellen S. Fine，The Legacy of Night：The Literary Universe of Elie Wiesel. Albany，NY：State University of New York Press，1982，p. xii。
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9Jeffery C. Alexander，“Toward a Theory of Cultural Trauma，”p. 12.
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10Hannah Arendt，Eichmann in Jerusalem：A Report on the Banality of Evil. New York：The Viking Press，1963.
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11D. E. Lipstadt，“America and the Memory of Holocaust，19501965.”Modern Judaism 16（1996）：195214，pp. 196，212 note 54.
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12Michael Emery and Edwin Emery，The Press and America：An Interpretive History of the Mass Media.Seventh Edition. Englewood Cliffs，NJ：Prentice Hall，1992，p. 373.
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13Ibid.，Chapter 17. 丹尼尔·戴扬、伊莱休·卡茨：《媒介事件》，麻争旗译，北京广播学院出版社1992年版。
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14Murray Schumach，“Hollywood Trial，”New York Times，Sunday，April 30，1961，II 9：1.
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15Alan Mintz，Popular Culture and the Shaping of Holocaust Memory in America，pp. 9293.
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16志愿者所言引自Peter Novick，The Holocaust in American Life. New York：Houghton Mifflin，1999，p. 137。实验的详细专业介绍，见Arthur G. Miller，The Obedience Experiments：A Case Study of Controversy in Social Science. New York：Praeger，1986，pp. 115。
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Stanley Milgram，“Behavioral Study of Obedience.”Journal of Abnormal and Social Psychology 67（1963）：pp. 371378.
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17Ann L. Saltzman，“The Role of the Obedience Experiment in Holocaust Studies. The Case for Renewed Visibility.”In Thomas Blass，ed.，Obedience to Authority：Current Perspectives on the Milgram Paradigm. Mahwah，N.J.：Lawrence Erlbaum Associates，Publishers，2000，p. 125.
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18Thomas Blass，The Man Who Shocked the World：The Life and Legacy of Stanley Milgram. New York：Basic Books，2004，pp. 268269，i.
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19Stanley Milgram，Obedience to Authority：An Experimental View. New York：Harper and Row，1974，p. 185.
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20Arthur G. Miller，The Obedience Experiments，pp. 181182.
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21Thomas F. Pettigrew，“The Man Who Shocked the World：The Life and Legacy of Stanley Milgram.”（Book Review）Social Forces 83：4（June 2005）：17781779，p. 1779.
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22更多的例子见Thomas Blass，The Man Who Shocked the World，pp. 261263。
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灾难见证和公民运动
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1Alan Mintz，Popular Culture and the Shaping of Holocaust Memory in America. Seattle：University of Washington Press，2001，p. 109.
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2Earnest L. Perry，“Coverage of Crime.”In W. David Sloan and Lisa Mullikin Parcell，eds.，American Journalism：History，Principles，Practices. Jefferson，NC：McFarland & Co.，2002，p. 193.
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3U. S. Riot Commission Report，Report of the National Advisory Commission on Civil Disorder. New York：Bantam，1968，p. 382.
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4Jeffrey C. Alexander，“On the Social Construction of Moral Universals：The Holocaust from War Crime to Trauma Drama.”In Jeffery C. Alexander，et al.，Cultural Trauma and Collective Identity. Berkeley，C.A.：University of California Press，2004，p. 258.
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5Alan Mintz，Popular Culture and the Shaping of Holocaust Memory in America.pp. 179185.
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