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[84] Benjamin Wallace-Wells, “The French Economist Who Helped Invent Elizabeth Warren’s Wealth Tax,” The New Yorker, October 19, 2019.
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[85] Editor, “What’s Inside: The Future of Capitalism,” Foreign Affairs, January/February 2020 Issue.
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[86] Jerry Z. Muller, “The Neosocialist Delusion,”Foreign Affairs, January/February 2020 Issue.
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[87] Andy Beckett, “The new left economics: how a network of thinkers is transforming capitalism,”The Guardian, June 25, 2019.
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[88] Thomas Piketty, Capital and Ideology, trans. by Arthur Goldhammer (Harvard University Press, 2020).
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[89] Branko Milanovic, “Thomas Piketty’s New Book Brings Political Economy Back to Its Sources,” The ProMarketBlog (https://promarket.org/), September 6, 2019.
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[90] Thomas Piketty, “Europe and the class divide” (https://www.versobooks.com/blogs/4536-europe-and-the-class-divide), December 19, 2019.
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[91] Thomas Piketty, “Brahmin Left: New Euro-American Cleavages,” in Capital and Ideology, chapter 15.
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[92] Michael Lind, The New Class War: Saving Democracy from The Managerial Elite (Portfolio, 2020).
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[93] Branko Milanovic, “The Clash of Capitalisms,”Foreign Affairs, January/February 2020 Issue.
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[94] Marco Rubio, “Catholic Social Doctrine and the Dignity of Work” (Catholic University of America), November 5, 2019 (https://www.thepublicdiscourse.com/2019/11/58194/).
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[95] Klaus Schwab, “What Kind of Capitalism Do We Want?” Project Syndicate (www.projectsyndicate.org), December 2, 2019.
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[96] Sy Mukherjee, “Meet Andrew Yang, the Democratic Candidate Who Wants to Give You $1,000 Each Month,” Fortune (https://fortune.com/), June 28, 2019.
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[97] Marty Swant, “Andrew Yang Proposes Digital Data Should Be Treated Like A Property Right,”Forbes (https://www.forbes.com/), October 1, 2019.
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[98] “Data as a Property Right” (https://www.yang2020.com/policies/data-property-right/).
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[99] Karl Polanyi, The Great Transformation: The Political and Economic Origins of Our Time(Beacon Press, 2001).
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[100] https://holbergprisen.no/en/holbergprisen/prize-winners/paul-gilroy.
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[101] https://www.templetonprize.org/laureate/marcelo-gleiser/.
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2000年以来的西方 2018年
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“有何胜利可言？挺住就是一切！”里尔克的名句像最低沉的新年钟声，在2018年的尾声中唤起共鸣。人们默想的心事各自不同，感怀的心绪却有相似的苍凉。
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一年多之前，《经济学人》在年度展望中预言：“世界各地的人们都在尽力摆脱政治紧张和技术狂热，2018年将会是刺激神经的一年。”[1]随后，《纽约时报》也有文章预言，“存在一种更深刻、更令人不安的确然性：许多可能非常疯狂的事情将会发生在2018年”，我们正在进入“混沌成为新常态”的时期。[2]正如被告知的那样，欧美各国经历了持续动荡与纷争不断的2018年。辞典网（Dictionary. com）评选的年度词汇是“Misinformation”（误报信息），而牛津词典的选择是“Toxic”（有毒的）。[3]令人沮丧的消息接踵而至，以至于“谷歌助手”适时推出了一项新功能——“告诉我一些美好的事情吧”（tell me something good），鼓励各地人们从日常生活中搜寻微小的好消息，集聚起正面的力量，来驱逐浓重的阴霾。[4]但类似的努力只带来些许短暂的慰藉。12月下旬，《经济学人》发表文章指出，世界各地都弥漫着怀旧情绪，原因则各有不同。发达国家的多数民众感到今不如昔，陷入一种“无所不在的、险恶的衰落感”之中。[5]
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可见，在《西方的没落》出版一百周年的今天，斯宾格勒所激发的文化悲观主义情绪仍然深深困扰着西方社会。“西方衰落论”或许从未衰落，而“历史终结论”似乎已经终结，这曾让旁观者浮想联翩。
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混沌也将成为西方思想的新常态。所有的神话似乎都烟消云散了，积极的公民在愤怒之中，消极的民众非佛即丧。放眼望去，显赫的政要不是好高骛远、幼稚无能，便是独断任性、堕落腐败。每一种宏大理论要么已经死去，要么就在垂危之中。新鲜的话语层出不穷，却如昙花一现，只带来转瞬即逝的希望。
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