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在获得普遍赞誉的同时，这本书也受到少数质疑，其中著名学者福山和杰弗里·萨克斯的批评格外引人注目，但都遭到了作者强烈而有力的反驳与回应。福山在《美国利益》网站的博客上发文。首先，他表示很赞赏这本书以新的论证来支持体制以及政治行动者的重要作用，不过同时他又暗示作者的论点基本无异于道格拉斯·诺斯等人多年前的研究。其次，他批评“容纳型”与“掠取型”的二分范畴过于简单和极端。最后，他还认为这种理论难以解释个别国家经济的迅速发展。[29]两位作者在回应中指出，首先，他们的理论强调制度的政治首要性和人为设计要素，而诺斯等人的工作侧重于经济与社会因素，这是最重要的区别。况且诺斯等人在论及政治变迁时恰恰明确地援引了“我们过去的研究”。其次，极端的二分概念是作者有意为之，他们在书中言明，大多数国家都处于两者之间的“灰色地带”，但始于“黑白分明”的案例分析最有助益，后来的大多数篇幅都在处理从“掠取型”到“容纳型”逐步转变的程度。最后，就一些国家的案例而言，他们在书中已经论述，它们的经济起飞始于从“掠取型”体制向（虽不充分的）“容纳型”体制的转变。而国家可以在“掠取型制度下增长”恰恰是“我们理论的一部分”，只是这种增长难以持续。[30]而对于萨克斯的长篇批评[31]，两位作者逐条予以反驳，认为这些批评要么失之空泛，要么无的放矢，因而都是“轻率之言”。[32]
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[1]The Economist, Vol. 402, No. 8768 (January 21, 2012). 这篇特别报告，除社论文章“The Rise of State Capitalism” (p. 11)之外，还包括七篇文章：“The Visible Hand” (p. 3), “Something Old, Something New” (p. 5), “New Masters of the Universe; State Capitalism’s Global Reach” (p. 6), “Theme and Variations; A Choice of Models” (p. 9), “Mixed Bag; Pros and Cons” (p. 13),“The World in Their Hands; Going Abroad” (p. 15), “And the Winner Is…; The Long View” (p. 17)。本文这一节没有另外注明的引文和资料均取自这篇报告。
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[2] “State Capitalism,” Economist Debates, January 24, 2012 (http://www.economist.com/debate/days/view/802).
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[3] Niall Ferguson, “We’re All State Capitalists Now,” Foreign Policy, February 9, 2012 (http://www.foreignpolicy.com/articles/2012/02/09/we_re_all_state_capitalists_now).
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[4] 这六部著作包括Patrick J. Buchanan, Suicide of a Superpower (2011); Thomas L. Friedman and Michael Mandelbaum, That Used to Be Us (2011); Mark R. Levin, Ameritopia (2012); Edward Luce, Time to Start Thinking (2012); Timothy Noah, The Great Divergence (2012); Charles Murray, Coming Apart (2012)。
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[5] Susan Glasser, America’s Biggest Growth Industry: Declinism, October 17, 2011 (http://blogs.reuters.com/susanglasser/2011/10/17/americas-biggest-growth-industry-declinism).
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[6] Josef Joffe, “Declinism’s Fifth Wave,” The American Interest, January/February 2012.
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[7] 参见《新共和》杂志网站的编者按：http://www.tnr.com/article/politics/magazine/99521/america-world-power-declinism。
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[8] Robert Kagan, The World America Made (Knopf, 2012); Robert Kagan, “Not Fade Away: The Myth of American Decline,” The New Republic, February 2, 2012.
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[9] Joseph S. Nye,“Declinist Pundits,” Foreign Policy, November 2012.
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[10] Rolf-Dieter Heuer,“Progress Isn’t a Linear Development,” The European, June 8, 2012(http://theeuropean-magazine.com/263-heuer-rolf-dieter/788-science-and-the-public-sphere).
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[11] C. P. Snow, The Two Cultures, London: Cambridge University Press, 2001 [1959].
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[12] Lawrence M. Krauss, A Universe from Nothing: Why There Is Something Rather than Nothing, Free Press, 2012.
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[13] David Albert,“On the Origin of Everything,” New York Times, March 25, 2012, BR20 of the Sunday Book Review.
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[14] Ross Andersen,“Has Physics Made Philosophy and Religion Obsolete?”The Atlantic(April 23, 2012), http://www.theatlantic.com/technology/archive/2012/04/has-physics-madephilosophy-and-religion-obsolete/256203/.
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[15] Thomas Nagel, Mind and Cosmos: Why the Materialist Neo-Darwinian Conception of Nature Is Almost Certainly False (Oxford University Press, 2012).
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[16] Brian Leiter and Michael Weisberg,“Do You Only Have a Brain? On Thomas Nagel,” The Nation, October 22, 2012.
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[17] Elliot Sober,“Remarkable Facts: Ending Science as We Know It,” The Boston Review, November/December 2012.
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[18] Amartya Sen,“What Happened to Europe? Democracy and the Decisions of Bankers,” The New Republic, August 23, 2012.
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[19] Timothy Garton Ash, “The Crisis of Europe: How the Union Came Together and Why It’s Falling Apart,” Foreign Affairs, September/October 2012.
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[20] Jürgen Habermas and Francis Fukuyama, “The European Citizen: Just a Myth?”The Global Journal, May 18, 2012.
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[21] Perry Anderson,“Turmoil in Europe,” New Left Review 73, January-February 2012.
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[22] Niall Ferguson,“Populism Takes an Ominous Turn,” The Daily Beast, October 8, 2012.
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[23] Noam Chomsky and others, An Open Message to All Who Seek A New and Better World, International Organization for a Participatory Society, http://www.iopsociety.org/blog/openletter-about-iops.
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[24] Stuart Jeffries,“Why Marxism is on the Rise Again,” The Guardian, July 4, 2012.
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