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[4] Edmund S. Phelps, “Does Capitalism Have a Future?” The Guatemala Times, December 21, 2008.
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[5] “Life after bankruptcy,”Thomas Assheuer 采访, Ciaran Cronin英译, http://www.signandsight. com/features/1798.html。原文为“Nach dem Bankrott,” in Die Zeit, November 6, 2008。
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[6] Roger Cohen, “Perfecting the Union,” The New York Times, November 5, 2008.
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[7] Alan Wolfe, “Dixie Shtick,” The New Republic, November 19, 2008.
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[8] Marie Arana, “He’s Not Black,” The Washington Post, November 30, 2008; B01.
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[9] Laurence H. Tribe, “Morning-After Pride,” Forbes, November 5, 2008.
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[10] “The Day After,” Dissent Up Front Online Argument and Commentary (http://dissentmagazine.org).
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[11] “Does the Free Market Corrode Moral Character? Thirteen Views on the Question”(John Templeton Foundation, www.templeton.org), Autumn 2008.
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[12] 这个系列包括1968: It’s Not Just about the Music; 1968: Day by Day; 1968: Day by Day Omnibus; 1968: Notes from the Underground; 1968: Philosophy in the Streets; 1968: Rivers of Blood; 1968: Sex, Telly and Britain; 1968: The Sixty-Eighters at Sixty; 1968: The Year of Revolutions
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[13] “Socialism 2008: A Weekend of Revolutionary Politics, Debate and Discussion”(http://www.socialismconference.org/).
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[14] “Symposium 1968: Lessons Learned,” Dissent, Spring 2008.
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[15] Naomi S. Baron, Always On: Language in an Online and Mobile World, Oxford University Press, 2008.
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[16] Nicholas Carr, The Big Switch: Rewiring the World, From Edison to Google, W. W. Norton, 2008.
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[17] Nicholas Carr, “From Is Google Making Us Stupid?” The Atlantic, July-August 2008.
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[18] Mark Bauerlein, The Dumbest Generation: How the Digital Age Stupefies Young Americans and Jeopardizes Our Future, or Don’t Trust Anyone Under 30, Tarcher/Penguin, 2008.
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[19] Susan Jacoby, The Age of American Unreason, Pantheon, 2008.
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[20] Thomas H. Benton, “On Stupidity,” The Chronicle of Higher Education, August 1, September 5, 2008.
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[21] Thomas Bartlett, “The Betrayal of Judas,” The Chronicle of Higher Education, May 30, 2008.
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2000年以来的西方 2007年
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欧盟五十年：纪念与沉思
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1849年8月，法国作家雨果在巴黎和平大会的开幕词中，想象了未来欧洲“将会来临的那一天”：“到那时……所有欧洲的民族，在保持各自独特品质和光荣个性的同时，将会紧密地融合在一个更高的整体之中，将形成一个欧洲的兄弟同盟……到那时，仅有的战场是展开贸易的市场以及开发思想的心灵。到那时，子弹和炸弹将被选票所取代、被各民族人民的普选投票所取代、被一个伟大主权议会的庄严裁判所取代。”在历经了20世纪更为惨痛的战争创伤之后，欧洲的发展似乎走向了雨果所梦想的前景。1957年3月25日《欧洲经济共同体条约》在罗马签署，这一年也被视为欧盟的诞生之年。今年是欧盟成立五十周年，欧洲各国举办了难以计数的纪念活动与学术讨论。
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5月9日是“欧洲日”，当天十多位欧洲的诺贝尔奖获得者聚集在布鲁塞尔的欧洲议会大厅，在欧洲议会议长汉斯—格特·珀特林的主持下，对欧盟的过去、当下和未来展开讨论。他们普遍赞赏欧盟是人类解决冲突与和平合作之文明成就的典范，但同时分别指出了欧盟在未来发展中需要认真对待的问题，包括欧洲内部的语言壁垒、欧洲精神世界受到物质主义的冲击，以及欧盟与世界其他地区的关系。
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