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解放
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黑人性
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泛非洲哲学
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人
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视角主义
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Satyagraha
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供讨论复习的问题
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1.要证明一个行为是善的或可以被允许的,是否必须诉诸超自然的标准?为什么?
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2.哲学家坚持某一意识形态,这是否合理?人是否有可能不认同任何意识形态?
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3.不同文化中的哲学是否应当具有共同形态?
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4.真理仅仅关乎个人信念吗?这个问题的答案究竟为何重要?
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5.如果 A 国侵略了 B 国,那么 B 国的居民是否有权(甚至有责任)袭击或杀死任何他们所遭遇到的 A 国公民?
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6.倘若你相信在某些南美国家建立美国殖民政府会有益于当地人民,而且有助于保护热带雨林,在这样的形势下你是否有责任支持殖民主义?
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7.一个身体上更强有力的敌人为什么会放弃对非暴力的对手使用暴力?在解释时,请避免纯策略性的考虑,而多引入哲学上的问题,如人格认同(或人格存在)、伦理、政治哲学,如此等等。
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8.是否可能存在未经解读的经验?
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9.倘若我发现许多人在用一些范畴谈论我,而我根本不会用这样的范畴谈论自己,这对于我意味着什么?
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10.是否存在固定不变的人类本性?人性是否随历史环境的改变而改变?
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① From Why We Can’t Wait. Reprinted by arrangement with the Estate of Martin Luther King,Jr., c/o Writers House as agent for the proprietor New York, NY.Copyright © 1963 Martin Luther King,Jr., copyright renewed 1991 Coretta Scott King.
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② From Latin American Philosophy in the Twentieth Century, ed. Jorge J. E. Gracia(Buffalo, NY: Prometheus books, 1986). Reprinted by permission of Jorge J. E. Gracia.
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③ 威廉·狄尔泰(Wilhelm Dilthey,1833—1911)是一位德国哲学家,以文本分析和思想史方面的工作著称。
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④ Excerpts from Sonia Saldívar-Hull,“Feminism on the Border: From Gender Politics to Geopolitics,”in Criticism in the Borderlands: Studies in Chicano Literature, Culture, and Ideology, ed. David Saldívar, pp.203—220. Copyright © 1991 Duke University Press. All rights reserved. Used by permission of the publisher.
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⑤ From Non-Violent Resistance by M. K. Gandi. Copyright © 1951 by The Navajivan Trust. Reprinted by permission of the Navajivan Trust.
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⑥ From Towards Universal Man, Asia Publishing House. Copyright © 1961 Visva-Bhatata, Santiniketan.
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