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故事讲述和模型建构是人类的基本活动，人类行动者通过这两样活动形成我们独有的智慧、彰显我们物种的智慧性。根据这种观点，故事讲述和模型建构也许是适应工具，但是更为重要的是，故事讲述和模型建构还能区分人类与其他物种的智慧高低，以及人与人的智慧高低。“没有实际用途的想象在智慧王国里占有重要地位”的观点很难不让人着迷。它在闹哄哄的一片功利主义叫嚣中喊出了另外一个声音，它表现了人类存在比较突出的一面——对自由求知的渴望，它承认了人类心智的专制地位，它宣称了审美价值也很重要。
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然而，任何有关审美价值也很重要的宣示，即使符合人类的古典志向，也都代表着对其他正统宣示的臣服。对价值排序，是对选择理论独霸天下令人遗憾的投降。对价值排序，是对权衡进行合理化，但是否认人类有能力追求相互冲突的目标。我的孙女们小时候有最好的朋友，这没什么值得说的，值得一说的是，每个孙女都有不止一个最好的朋友。我以为，每个最好的朋友应该都好于其他的朋友。后来，我认识到我的孙女们是多么的智慧：为什么非要排个高低呢？为什么不能认为每个都有独特的重要性呢？
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通过想象理解世界是人类美好而独特的一面，通过有目的的问题解决适应环境、取得进步，也是人类美好而独特的一面。智慧涉及优雅地诠释经验，正如故事讲述和模型建造的美丽所反映的那样。智慧还涉及有效地适应环境，正如利用经验提高生产率所反映的那样。经验的启示，既是人类想象之壮丽的标志，又是有效解决问题的工具。借用我孙女们的智慧，我们可以认为，智慧的这两个要素都是最重要的。
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经验的疆界 参考文献
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