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(4) 参见Lyader的Structure, Interaction and Social Theory (London, 1981)一书70页中的讨论。
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(5) Cronin和Schneer的著作Social Conflict and the Political Order in Modern Britain (London, 1982)以及Calhoun的著作The Question of Class Struggle: Social Foundations of Popular Radicalism during the Industrial ReVolution (Oxford, 1982)中的一些论文充分证明了这些例子。
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(6) 关于非资本主义／资本主义社会，参见Giddens的A Contemporary Critique of Historical Materialism, Vol. 1: Power, Property and the State (London and Berkeley, 1981)一书第4章和第5章、Gross的论文“Time-space Relations in Giddens’s Social Theory”（Theory, Culture and Society, 1982, Vol. 2, pp. 83－88）和Harvey为本书撰写的第7章。对空间重组的分析仅仅在A Contemporary Critique of Historical Materialism, Vol. 1: Power, Property and the State一书第198～202页上可以找到。如下事实充分表明了他所关注的是时间而不是空间：在“社会体系的时空构成”的标题下所讨论的主要作家是海德格尔。在海德格尔的著作《存在与时间》（1962）中，也就是在对先验自我的现象学描述中，人类生存的意义基础是人的时间性，尤其是未来的引导。
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(7) Braudel, F., On History, London, 1980, p. 52.
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(8) Körner, S., Kant, Harrnondsworth, 1955, p. 33.
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(9) Leibniz, G. W., The Monadology and Other Philosophical Writings, Oxford, 1898; Hinkfuss, I., The Existence of Space and Time, Oxford, 1975.
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(10) Nerlich的The Shape of Space（Cambridge, 1976）一书为绝对论的立场作出了明确的辩护。关于康德,参见Garnett, C., The Kantian Philosophy of Space, Port Washington, 1939; Körner, S., Kant, Harrnondsworth, 1955。
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(11) 参见Nerlich, G., The Shape of Space, Cambridge, 1976, pp. 6－7; Kant, I., The Critique of Pure Reason, 1961, London, pp. 65－101。
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(12) 这一点可以在Kant: Selected Pre-critical Writings (Manchester, 1968)中找到；参见Nerlich在The Shape of Space (Cambridge, 1976)一书第2章中的讨论。
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(13) Nerlich的The Shape of Space（Cambridge，1976）一书详细阐述了这一点。
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(14) 参见Smart, J. J. C, Philosophy and Scientific Realism, London, 1963, pp. 132－135。
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(15) 参见Foucault, M., The Order of Things, London, 1970。
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(16) Coward和Ellis的Language and Materialism (London, 1977)一书最清楚地论证了这一点。
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(17) 参见Giddens的著作A Contemporary Critique of Historical Materialism, Vol. 1: Power, Property and the State (London and Berkeley, 1981)和Gross的“Time-space Relations in Giddens’s Social Theory”（载Theory, Culture and Society, 1982, Vol. 2, pp. 83－88）一文对该书的批评。
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(18) Giddens, A., A Contemporary Critique of Historical Materialism, Vol. 1: Power, Property and the State, London and Berkeley, 1981, p. 38.
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(19) 关于依据实证主义科学观对“空间分离”的讨论，参见Sack, R. D., “The Spatial Separatist Theme in Geography,” Economic Geography, 1974, Vol. 50, pp. 1－19。也可参见Williams, S., “Realism, Marxism and Human Geography,” Antipode, 1981, Vol. 13(2), pp. 31－38。
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(20) 参见Jacques, E., The Form of Time, London, 1982, p. 33；顺便说一句，我在此并不打算讨论时间与空间之间的关系本身，也不打算讨论时间和空间的度量。例如，既然Hinkfuss表明了相信绝对的距离但又不会因此陷入一种全面的绝对主义是可能的，因此，两者之间的联系并不必然是特别的强有力。（Hinkfuss,I., The Existence of Space and Time, Oxford, 1975, p. 59）
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(21) 参见Hinkfuss在The Existence of Space and Time (Oxford, 1975)一书中到处可见对还原论的讨论。
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(22) 参见Harré, R. and Madden, E. H., Causal Powers, Oxford, 1975; Bhaskar, R., A Realist Theory of Science, Leeds, 1975; Bhaskar, R., The Possibility of Naturalism: A Philosophical Critique of the Contemporary Human Sciences, Brighton, 1979; 以及Harré, R., The Principles of Scientific Thinking, London, 1970，特别是p. 248。也可参见Braudel, F., On History (London, 1980)一书对“事件—存在论”的反对意见。
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(23) Keat和Urry的SocialTheory as Science (London，1982)一书的后记进一步阐述了这一点；参见Urry, J., “Realism and the Analysis of Space,” International Journal of Urban andRegional Research, Vol. 7, 1983, pp. 122－127。
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(24) Marx, K., Grundrisse, Harmondsworth, 1973 (completed 1857－1858; first published 1932), p. 101.也可参见Sayer的“Epistemology and Conceptions of People and Nature in Geography”（载Geo forum, 1979, Vol. 10, pp. 19－44）一文关于其中一些方法论观点的讨论。
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(25) Pred, A., “The Choreography of Existence: Commentson Hägerstrand’s Time-geography and Its Usefulness,”Economic Geography, 1977, Vol. 53, p. 208.
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(26) Pred, A., “Social Reproduction and the Time-geography of Everyday Life,”Geogra fiska AnnalerB, 1981, Vol. 63, p. 10.
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(27) 关于进一步的分析，参见Urry, “Some Themes in the Analysis of the Anatomy of Contemporary Capitalist Societies,” Acta Sociologica, 1982, Vol. 25, pp. 405－418。
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(28) 参见Giddens, A., A Contemporary Critique of Historical Materialism, Vol. 1: Power, Property and the State, London and Berkeley, 1981, ch. 7。
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