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(14) Beechey, V., “Some Notes on Female Wage Labour in Capitalist Production,” Capital and Class, 1977, Vol. 3, pp. 45－66; Beechey, V., “Women and Production: a Critical Analysis of Some Sociological Theories of Women’s Work” in Kuhn, A. and Wolpe, A., eds., Feminism and Materialism, London, 1978; Kenrick, J., “Politics and the Construction of Women as Second-class Workers” in Wilkinson, F., ed., The Dynamics of Labour Market Segmentation, London, 1981, pp. 167－192.
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(15) Granovetter, M. S., “The Strength of Weak Ties,” American Journal of Sociology, 1973, Vol. 78, pp. 1360－1380.
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(16) Gershuny, J. I., “The Informal Economy: Its Role in Post-industrial Society,” Futures, 1979, Vol. II, pp. 3－15; Henry, S, ed., Can I Have It in Cash?, London, 1981.
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(17) Bagnasco, A., Tre Italia, Bologna, 1977; Bagnasco, A., “‘La Questione dell’ economia informale,” Stato e Mercato, 1981, Vol. 1, pp. 173－196.
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(18) Alden, J., “The Extent and Nature of Double Job-holding in Great Britain,” Industrial Relations Journal, 1977, Vol. 8, pp. 14－3; Henry, S, ed., Can I Have It in Cash?, London, 1981; Gershuny, J. I. and Thomas, G. S., “Changing Patterns of Time-use Data Preparation and Some Preliminary Results, UK 1961－1974/5,” University of Sussex, Science Policy Research Unit, Occasional Paper, 1980, NO. 13; Gershuny, J. I. and Thomas, G. S., “Changing Times: Activity Patterns in the UK 1937－1974/5,” 1983; Sekscenski, E. S., “Women’s Share of Moonlighting Nearly Doubles 1969－1979,” Monthly Labour Review, 1980, Vol. 103 (5), pp. 57－58; Stafford, F. P., “Women’s Use of Time Converging with Men’s,” Monthly Labour Review, 1980, Vol. 104 (2), pp. 57－59; Thomas, G. and Shannon, C. Z., “Technology and Household Labour: Are the Times Changing?” mimeo, 1982.
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(19) Gershuny, J. I., A fter Industrial Society? The Emerging Self-service Economy, London, 1978; Gershuny, J. I., “Social Innovation: Change in the Mode of Provision of Services,” University of Sussex, Science Policy Research Unit, 1982.
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(20) Caplovitz, D., “Making Ends Meet: How Families Cope with Inflation and Recession,” Annals of the American Academy of Political and Social Science, 1981, Vol. 456, pp. 88－98.
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(21) Gershuny, J. I., “Social Innovation: Change in the Mode of Provision of Services,” University of Sussex, Science Policy Research Unit, 1982.
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(22) 这在地中海国家和第三世界国家可能更为典型：参见Elson, D. and Pearson, R., “Nimble Fingers make Cheap Work: an Analysis of Women’s Employment in Third World Export Manufacturing,” Feminist Review, 1981, Vol. 7, pp. 87－107。
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(23) Bromley, R., “The Urban Informal Sector: Why is it Worth Discussing?” World Development, 1978, Vol. 6, pp. 1033－1039; Moser, C., “Informal Sector or Petty Commodity Production: Dualism or Dependence in Urban Development?” World Development, 1978, Vol. 6, pp. 1041－1064.
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(24) 但是可以参见Nissell, M. and Bonnerjea, L., “Family Care of the Handicapped Elderly: Who Pays?” Policy Studies Institute, London, 1982。
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(25) Redclift, N., “Relations of Gender in the New International Division of La-bour” in Redclift, N. and Mingione, E., eds., Beyond Employment, Oxford, 1983.
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(26) Gershuny, J. I., “Social Innovation: Change in the Mode of Provision of Services,” University of Sussex, Science Policy Research Unit, 1982.
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(27) 参见Pahl, R., “Employment, Work and the Domestic Division of Labour,” International Journal of Urban and Regional Research, Vol. 4, pp. 1－20; Pahl, R. and Dennett, J., “Industry and Employment on the Isle of Sheppey,” HWS Project Report, University of Kent at Canterbury, 1981。
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(28) 更详细的讨论，参见Pahl, R. and Wallace, C., “Household Work Strategies and the Polarisations and Divisions of Work Practices” in Redclift, N. and Mingione, E., eds., Beyond Employment, Oxford, 1983。
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(29) Harloe, M., ed., New Perspectives in Urban Change and Conflict, London, 1981; Ungerson, C., “Women, Work and the ‘Caring Capacity of the Community’,” mimeo, 1981.
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(30) Pahl, R. and Wallace, C., “Household Work Strategies and the Polarisations and Divisions of Work Practices” in Redclift, N. and Mingione, E., eds., Beyond Employment, Oxford, 1983.
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社会关系与空间结构 第十二章 时间、空间与区域化
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安东尼·吉登斯
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大多数社会学家只把时间和空间视为行动的环境，不加反思地接受了现代西方文化所特有时间概念，即可度量的钟表时间。除了晚近地理学家的著作外，社会科学家们未能围绕那些从时间和空间建构社会体系的模式来进行他们的思考。我想要指出的是，对这一问题的研究是我所说的结构化理论的一个主要任务；它不是社会科学的一个具体类型或“领域”，可以随意地进行或放弃。它是社会理论的核心，因而也应该被认为对社会科学的经验研究具有相当大的重要性。
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社会关系与空间结构 时间地理学
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