1702361656
1702361657
(39) Golledge, Brown and Williamson的“Behavioural Approaches in Geography: An Overview”（载Australian Geographer, 1972, Vol. 12, pp. 59－79）一文中讨论了Hägerstrand在行为地理学发展中的作用。
1702361658
1702361659
(40) J. Moreno，引自Hägerstrand, T., Innovation Diffusion as a spatial Process, Chicago, 1967, p. 166; Hägerstrand后来回忆了他如何轻易就想到“将Moreno的概念投影到人口图上，并且在思想上将这幅图转变成一个跨越地区、国家和大陆的巨大社会原子结构”: Hägerstrand, T., “In Search for the Sources of Concepts” in Buttimer, A., ed., The Practice of Geography, 1983, p. 248。
1702361660
1702361661
(41) Hägerstrand, T., Innovation Diffusion as a spatial Process, Chicago, 1967, p. 167; Hägerstrand, T., “In Search for the Sources of Concepts” in Buttimer, A., ed., The Practice of Geography, 1983, p. 248; Gould, P., “Response to S. Duncan,” mimeo, 1974。也见Gaspar, J. and Gould, P., “The Cova da Beira: an Applied Structural Analysis of Agriculture and Communication” in Pred, A., ed., Space and Time in Geography: Essays Dedicated to Torsten Hägerstrand, Lund Studies in Geography, 1981, Series B, No. 48, p. 203：该计划的基础本质上是一种物理模拟，它源自von Neumann和Ulam对核反应堆的非均匀屏蔽中粒子吸收的蒙特卡罗模拟的研究工作。
1702361662
1702361663
(42) Jensen-Butler, C., “Acritique of Behabioural Geography: An Epistemological Analysis of Cognitive Mapping and of Hägerstrand’s Time-space Model,” Geografiska Institute, Aarhus Universitet, 1981, Arbejdsrapport 12, p. 45.
1702361664
1702361665
(43) Hägerstrand, T., “The Domain of Human Geography” in Chorley, R.J., ed., Directions in Geography, London, 1973, pp. 75 and 77；参见Hägerstrand, T., “In Search for the Sources of Concepts” in Buttimer, A., ed., The Practice of Geography, 1983, p. 241：“我觉得自己类似于那些用小球和别针建立分子三维模型的化学家。”
1702361666
1702361667
(44) Harvey, D., Explanation in Geography, London, 1969, p. 226; Rose, C., “Reflections in the Notion of Time Incorporated in Hägerstrand’s “Time-geographic Model of Society,” Tijdschrift voor Economische en Sociale Geografie, 1977, Vol. 68, p. 45．虽然Carlstein坚持认为“时间地理学绝没有从物理学中的相对论和四维时空连续统中获得灵感”，但是Hägerstrand自己承认“源于相对论和连续统理论的观念很可能也适用于人类中尺度（meso-scale）上的日常事件”，但却选择将此问题“留给别人去思考”：参见Carlstein, T., “Packing Activities in a Settlement Space-time Budget,” mimeo, 1978, p. 3fn; Hägerstrand, T., “Space, Time and Human Conditions” in Karlqvist, A., Lundqvist, L. and Snickars, F., eds., Dynamic Allocation of Urban Space, London, 1975, p. 6。
1702361668
1702361669
(45) Hägerstrand于1984年2月写给Gregory的信；Hägerstrand, T., “What about People in Regional Science?” Papers and Proceeding of the Regional Science Association, 1970, Vol. 24, p. 20。
1702361670
1702361671
(46) Hägerstrand, T., “Commentary” in Buttimer, A., Values in Geography (Association of American Geographers, Commission on College Geography, Resource Paper 24), 1974, pp. 7－21; Carlstein, T., “Innovation, Time-allocation and Space-time Packing” in Carlstein, T., Parkes, D. and Thrift, N., eds., Timing Space and Spacing Time (3 vols), London, 1978, Vol. 1, pp. 146－161.
1702361672
1702361673
(47) Hägerstrand, T., Innovation Diffusion as a spatial Process, Chicago, 1967, p. 7.
1702361674
1702361675
(48) Hägerstrand, T., “The Domain of Human Geography” in Chorley, R. J., ed., Directions in Geography, London, 1973, p. 82．中心地理论似乎强有力地影响了Hägerstrand。他将Christaller的工作描述为一种“启示”，因为通过这种启示，“可理解模式显现出来”，而其显现方式预示着错综复杂的“区域地理学”开始有了“一种有序的主链”: Hägerstrand, T., “Commentary” in Buttimer, A., Values in Geography (Association of American Geographers, Commission on College Geography, Resource Paper 24), 1974, p. 22。也请注意，Christaller的六边形网格的构造也使用了电话数据，尽管这是指安装而非接触：参见Christaller (1966) pp. 143－147; Hägerstrand, T., Innovation Diffusion as a spatial Process, Chicago, 1967, pp. 190－235。
1702361676
1702361677
(49) 关于统计基础，参见Mollison，D., “Spatial Contact Models for Ecological and Epidemiological Sprea,” Centennial Symposium on Marx, Schumpeter and Keynes, University of Colorado at Denver, 1977; Cliff的 “Quantitative Methods: Spatial Diffusion”（载Progress inHuman Geography, Vol. 3, 1979, pp. 143－152）一文是一个简便的概要。
1702361678
1702361679
(50) Hägerstrand, T., “The Domain of Human Geography”in Chorley, R. J., ed., Directions in Geography, London, 1973, p. 70.
1702361680
1702361681
(51) Gould, P., “Space and rum: an English Note on Espacien and Rumian meaning,” Geografiska Annaler B, 1981, Vol. 63, pp. 1－3; 参见Hägerstrand, T., “Geography and the Study of Interaction between Nature and Society,”Geoforum, 1976, Vol. 7, pp. 332－333。
1702361682
1702361683
(52) Williams, R., The Country and the City, London, 1973.
1702361684
1702361685
(53) Hägerstrand, T., “The Domain of Human Geography”in Chorley, R. J., ed., Directions in Geography, London, 1973, p. 82.
1702361686
1702361687
(54) Parkes, D. and Thrift, N., Times, Spaces and Places:A Chronogeographic Perspective, New York, 1980, p. 276.
1702361688
1702361689
(55) Hägerstrand, T., “Survival and Arena: On the Life-history of Individuals in Relation to Their Geographical Environment”in Carlstein, T., Parkes, D. and Thrift, N., eds., Timing Space and Spacing Time (3 vols), London, 1978, Vol. 2, p. 124.
1702361690
1702361691
(56) Hägerstrand, T., “What about People in Regional Science?” Papers and Proceeding of the Regional Science Association, 1970, Vol. 24, pp. 10 and 19.
1702361692
1702361693
(57) Carlstein, T., Time Resources, Society and Ecology, Vol. 1, Pre-industrial Societies, London, 1982, p. 44.
1702361694
1702361695
(58) Hägerstrand, T., “The Domain of Human Geography”in Chorley, R. J., ed., Directions in Geography, London, 1973, pp. 80－81.
1702361696
1702361697
(59) Hägerstrand, T., “What about People in Regional Science?” Papers and Proceeding of the Regional Science Association, 1970, Vol. 24, p. 18.
1702361698
1702361699
(60) Carlstein, T., “Packing Activities in a Settlement Space-time Budget,” mimeo, 1978a, p. 3fn; 参见Carlstein, T., Time Resources, Society and Ecology, Vol. 1, Pre－industrial Societies, London, 1982, p. 44。
1702361700
1702361701
(61) Harvey, 本书。
1702361702
1702361703
(62) 关于范畴范式的解释，参见Albrow, M., “Dialectical and Categorical Paradigms of a Science of Society,” Sociological Review, 1974, Vol. 22, pp. 183－201。这一解释的特点是将变化描述为一种组合游戏——列维—施特劳斯一度将这种游戏描述成“相同的基本要素”的、无休止的“组合和再组合游戏”——并且Hägerstrand显然采纳了这种观点, 因为他自己主张“科学的目的”是“发现一些条件, 我们能够根据这些条件将变化看做是有限常量的恒常排列”：参见Gregory, D., Ideology, Science and Human Geography, London, 1978b, p. 97; Hägerstrand, T., “Commentary” in Buttimer, A., Values in Geography (Association of American Geographers, Commission on College Geography, Resource Paper24), 1974, p. 52。
1702361704
1702361705
(63) Hägerstrand, T., “What about People in Regional Science?”Papers and Proceeding of the Regional Science Association, 1970, Vol. 24, p. 10.
[
上一页 ]
[ :1.702361656e+09 ]
[
下一页 ]