1702362031
社会关系与空间结构 结语
1702362032
1702362033
第一主题（总体概要）
1702362034
1702362035
任何地点的历史偶然生成，也就是既定区域内所有作为地点的场景和所有发生的一切，与结构化过程在该地点 (以及其他与之在经济、政治或别的方面相互依赖的地点)的具有物质连续性的展开密不可分。换言之，任何一个地点都是一个持续进行的过程，社会和文化形式的再生产、个人经历的形成以及自然和空间的转变借助这一过程相互生成；与此同时，时空中具体路径—计划交叉与权力关系不断相互生成，而其生成方式受到普遍规律的制约，但因历史环境也有所不同。
1702362036
1702362037
第二主题（瑞典个案）
1702362038
1702362039
厄斯特伦地区和思科讷省西南部地区单个地块圈地前的村落空间配置源自这种圈地前的习俗及构成其基础的微观和宏观权力关系。空间的重新安排——合并的地块取代了分散的条田——产生了经过调整的新日常路径和权力关系。
1702362040
1702362041
尾声（总体概要）
1702362042
1702362043
SOCIAL
1702362044
1702362045
sSpOaCtIiAaLl
1702362046
1702362047
SsPoAcTiIaAlL
1702362048
1702362049
SPATIAL
1702362050
1702362051
(1) 关于“新人文主义”地理学家的地点处理和地点意识有一些批判性评论，参见Cosgrove, D., “Place, Landscape and the Dialectics of Cultural Geography,” Canadian Geographer, 1978, Vol. 22, pp. 66－72.; Hudson, R., “Space, Place and Placelessness: Some Questions Concerning Methodology,” Progress in Human Geography, Vol. 3, 1979, pp. 169－173; Sayer,A., “Epistemology and Conceptions of People and Nature in Geography,” Geoforum, 1979, Vol. 10, pp. 19－44; Ley, D., “Cultural / humanistic Geography,” Progress in Human Geography, 1981, Vol. 5, pp. 249－257; Pred, A., “Structuration and Place: On the Becoming of Sense of Place and Structure of Feeling,” Journal for the Theory of Social Behavior, 1983, Vol. 13, pp. 45－68。
1702362052
1702362053
(2) 关于其他对地点、地区和作为社会产物的空间组织的评论, 参见Soja, E., “The Socio-spatial Dialectic,” Annals of the Association of American Geographers, 1980, Vol. 70, pp. 207－225; Urry, J., “Localities, Regions and Social Class,” International Journal of Urban and Regional Research, 1981, Vol. 5, pp. 455－474; Gregory, D., “Human Agency and Human Geography,” Transactions of the Institute of British Geographers, 1981, Vol. 6, pp. 1－18; Gregory, D., Regional Transformation and Industrial Revolution: A Geography of the Yorkshire Woollen Industry, LondonandMinneapolis, 1982。
1702362054
1702362055
(3) Giddens, A., Central Problems in Social Theory: Action, Structure and Contradiction in Social Analysis, London and Berkeley, 1979, pp. 106－107; Giddens, A., A Contemporary Critique of Historical Materialism, Vol. 1: Power, Property and the State, London and Berkeley, 1981, pp. 39 and 45.
1702362056
1702362057
(4) Pred, A., “Place as Historically Contingent Process: Structuration and the Time-geography of Becoming Places,” Annals of the Association of American Geographers, 1984, Vol. 74, pp. 279－297；也见Pred, A., ed., Space and Time in Geography: Essays Dedicated to Torsten Hägerstrand, Lund Studies in Geography, 1981, Series B, No. 48; Pred, A., “Social Reproduction and the Time-geography of Everyday Life,” Geografiska Annaler B, 1981, Vol. 63, pp. 5－22; Pred, A., “Structuration and Place: On the Becoming of Sense of Place and Structure of Feeling,” Journal for the Theory of Social Behavior, 1983, Vol. 13, pp. 45－68。
1702362058
1702362059
(5) 可能与结构化理论有关联的著作者非常多。对我的理论表述发生影响的一组著作如下: Berger, P. L.and Luckmann, T., The Social Construction of Reality: a Treatise in the Sociology of Knowledge, Garden City, 1967; Giddens, A., New Rules of Sociological Method, London, 1976; Giddens, A., Central Problems in Social Theory: Action, Structure and Contradiction in Social Analysis, London and Berkeley, 1979; Giddens, A., A Contemporary Critique of Historical Materialism, Vol. 1: Power, Property and the State, London and Berkeley, 1981; Kosik, K., Dialectics of the Concrete, Boston Studies in the Philosophy of Science, 1976, no. 52; Bhaskar, R., A Realist Theory of Social Science, BrightonandAtlanticHighlands, 1978；Bhaskar, R., The Possibility of Naturalism: a Philosophical Critique of the Contemporary Human Sciences, Brighton, 1979; Bourdieu, P., Outline of a Theory of Practice, Cambridge, 1977; Touraine, A., The Self-production of society, Chicago, 1977; Williams, R., Marxism and Literature, Oxford, 1977; Shotter, J., “‘Duality of Structure’ and ‘Intentionality’ in an Ecological Psychology: Towards a Science of Individuality,” Journal for the Theory of Social Behaviour, 1983, Vol. 13, pp. 19－43。也请注意Gregory的Regional Transformation and Industrial Revolution: A Geography of the Yorkshire Woollen Industry（London and Minneapolis, 1982）一书中的简明介绍。
1702362060
1702362061
(6) 更为详细地探讨了时间地理学语言的著述有: Hägerstrand, T., “What about People in Regional Science?” Papers and Proceeding of the Regional Science Association, 1970, Vol. 24, pp. 7－21; Hägerstrand, T., “Commentary”in Buttimer, A., Values in Geography (Association of American Geographers, Commission on College Geography, Resource Paper 24), 1974, Vol. 7, pp. 17－34; Pred, A., “Urbanisation, Domestic Planning Problems and Swedish Geographic Research, “Progress in Geography, 1973, Vol. 5, pp. 1－36; Pred, A., “The Impact of Techonological and Institutional Innovations on Life Content: Some Time-Geographic Observations, “Economic Geography, 1978, Vol. 53, pp. 207－221; Parkes, D. and Thrift, N., Times, Spaces and Places: A Chronogeographic Perspective, New York, 1980; Carlstein, T., Time Resources, Society and Ecology, Vol. 1, Preindustrial Societies, London, 1982; Gregory, 本书。
1702362062
1702362063
(7) 尽管维达尔学派的传统具有优点，但是这一传统作为用过程术语（processual terms）建构地点概念和地区概念的基础并非没有局限性：参见Gregory, D., “Human Agency and Human Geography,” Transactions of the Institute of British Geographers, 1981, Vol. 6, pp. 1－18; Pred, A., “Place as Historically Contingent Process: Structuration and the Time-geography of Becoming Places,” Annals of the Association of American Geographers, 1984, Vol. 74, pp. 279－297。
1702362064
1702362065
(8) 尽管社会理论家和哲学家常常以根本不同的方式将难以捉摸的权力概念定义并解释为一种社会关系，但是这里所规定的属性通常显然存在于或暗含于权力关系之中。
1702362066
1702362067
(9) 请注意Giddens的A Contemporary Critique of Historical Materialism, Vol. 1: Power, Property and the State(London and Berkeley, 1981)一书中关于“时空距离化”的论述以及与之相联系的、关于社会整合和系统整合的论述。
1702362068
1702362069
(10) 一旦一个人承诺在既定时间和地点参与任何计划，那么他就不能够：（1）同时在别处做别的事情；（2）参加任何其他与上述计划空间上分离、开始时间不同但运作时间部分重叠的计划；或者（3）参加另一个与上述计划没有时间冲突但因行程时间要求而鞭长莫及的计划。
1702362070
1702362071
(11) 请注意Thrift的“On the Determination of Social Action in Space and Time”（载Environment and Planning D: Society and Space, 1983, Vol. 1, pp. 23－37）一文和本书中关于无知的评述。
1702362072
1702362073
(12) 参见Hägerstrand, H., “On the Survival of the Cultural Heritage,” Ethnologica Scandinavica, Vol. 2, pp. 7－12, 1977; Carlstein, T., Time Resources, Society and Ecology, Vol. 1, Pre-industrial Societies, London, 1982。
1702362074
1702362075
(13) 参见Hägerstrand, T., “Commentary” in Buttimer, A., Values inGeography (Association of American Geographers, Commission on College Geography, Resource Paper 24), 1974, Vol. 7, pp. 17－34。
1702362076
1702362077
(14) Gregory, D., “Solid Geometry: Notes on the Recovery of Spatial Structure” in Gould, P. and Olsson, G., eds., A Search for Common Ground, London, 1982, pp. 188－189.
1702362078
1702362079
(15) VonLinné, C., Skånska På Höga Överhetens Befalling Föröttad ar 1749, Stockholm, 1959 [1751], pp. 174, 177, 197, 238.
[
上一页 ]
[ :1.70236203e+09 ]
[
下一页 ]