1702397810
1702397811
8. Rosalind Gill, “Sexism Reloaded, or, It’s Time to Get Angry Again!” Feminist Media Studies 11, no. 1 (2011): 66.
1702397812
1702397813
9. 美国数据来源于“Women, Work and Children: The Return of the Stay-at-Home Mother,” Economist , April 19, 2014。英国数据来源于对《英国劳动力调查报告》（UK Labour Force Survey, 1997—2017）的分析，出自Presentation by Shani Orgad and Gillian Paull (Frontier Economics) to the Policy Lab and Government Equalities Office, July 17, 2017。
1702397814
1702397815
10. Betty Friedan, The Feminine Mystique (1963; reprint, London: Penguin, 2000), 49. 朱迪丝·哈巴克在1957年出版的《上过大学的妻子》（Wives Who Went to College , London: Heinemann, 1957）一书中针对英国妇女提出了类似的问题。
1702397816
1702397817
11. Friedan, Feminine Mystique , 34.
1702397818
1702397819
12. Friedan, 198.
1702397820
1702397821
13. Sheryl Sandberg, Lean In: Women, Work, and the Will to Lead (London: WH Allen, 2013).
1702397822
1702397823
14. Sarah Banet-Weiser, Empowered: Popular Feminism and Popular Misogyny (Durham, NC: Duke University Press, 2018); Catherine Rottenberg, The Rise of Neoliberal Feminism (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2018); Anne-Marie Slaughter, “Why Women Still Can’t Have It All,” Atlantic , July/August, 2012, https://www.theatlantic.com/magazine/archive/2012/07/why-women-still-cant-have-it-all/309020.
1702397824
1702397825
15. 参见Anne-Marie Slaughter, Unfinished Business: Women, Men, Work, Family (London: One-world, 2015)。
1702397826
1702397827
16. 例如，参见Business in the Community, “Business in the Community Toolkit,” 2017, https://gender.bitc.org.uk/all-resources/toolkits/business-case-gender-diversity; Berkeley Executive Education, “Berkeley Insight,” 2017, http://executive.berkeley.edu/thought-leadership/blog/business-case-gender-diversity; Vivian Hunt, Dennis Layton, and Sara Prince, “Why Diversity Matters,” January 2015, http://www.mckinsey.com/business-functions/organization/our-insights/why-diversity-matters; Carline Turner, “The Business Case for Gender Diversity: Update 2017,” Huffington Post, April 30, 2017, http://www.huffingtonpost.com/entry/the-business-case-for-gender-diversity-update-2017_us_590658cbe4b05279d4edbd4b。
1702397828
1702397829
17. Angela McRobbie, The Aftermath of Feminism: Gender, Culture and Social Change (London: Sage, 2009); 参见第1章中的讨论。
1702397830
1702397831
18. 英国数据来源于英国国家统计局（Office for National Statistics）发布的《劳动力调查报告》（2018）表二，https://www.ons.gov.uk/employmentandlabourmarket/peopleinwork/employmentandemployeetypes/bulletins/uklabourmarket/latest (accessed July 9, 2018). 就业人口指所有从事有偿工作者，包括职工和自营职业者。就业率每季度更新，仅限16—64岁妇女。美国数据来源于美国劳工部（US Department of Labour）妇女局（Women’s Bureau）2016年发布的《劳动力市场中的妇女》（Women in the Labor Force），https://www.dol.gov/wb/stats/NEWSTATS/facts/women_lf.htm (accessed July 9, 2018)。
1702397832
1702397833
19. 例如，参见Alison Wolf, The XX Factor: How Working Women Are Creating a New Society (London: Profile, 2013)。
1702397834
1702397835
20. Spencer Thompson and Dalia Ben-Galim, Childmind the Gap: Reforming Childcare to Support Mothers into Work (London: Institute for Public Policy Research, 2014), 2.
1702397836
1702397837
21. “专业”妇女在此处的定义，是指从事或从事过《英国劳动力报告》中前三类职业的妇女：1. 经理、总监、高级官员；2. 专业人士；3. 专业辅助人员、技术人员。表一中的分析由吉利恩·波尔（前沿经济学咨询公司）整理，出自Shani Orgad and Gillian Paull (Frontier Economics) to the Policy Lab and UK Government Equalities Office, July 17, 2017。
1702397838
1702397839
22. 兰迪瓦尔（Liana Cristin Landivar）分析美国就业趋势时发现，“育有学龄前孩子的妇女离开劳动力市场的概率，比无子女妇女高出1.9倍”，而育有孩子的妇女离开劳动力市场的概率是无子女妇女的2倍。Liana Cristin Landivar, Women at Work: Who Opts Out? (Boulder, Colo.: Lynne Rienner, 2017), 84.
1702397840
1702397841
23. Claudia Goldin and Joshua Mitchell, “The New Life Cycle of Women’s Employment: Disappearing Humps, Sagging Middles, Expanding Tops,” Journal of Economic Perspectives, American Economic Association 31, no. 1 (2017): 161–182. 英国国家统计局数据显示，英格兰和威尔士妇女生育子女的平均年龄为30.3岁，其中高龄产妇的比例自20世纪70年代中叶以来不断上升。参见UK Office for National Statistics, “Statistical Bulletin: Births by Parents’ Char-acteristics in England and Wales: 2015,” November 29, 2016, https://www.ons.gov.uk/peoplepopulationandcommunity/birthsdeathsandmarriages/livebirths/bulletins/birthsbyparentscharacteristicsinenglandandwales/2015。
1702397842
1702397843
24. Pew Research Center, “Parenting in America,” Pew Research Center , December 17, 2015, http://www.pewsocialtrends.org/2015/12/17/1-the-american-family-today/.
1702397844
1702397845
25. Gillian Paull, “The Impact of Children on Women’s Paid Work,” Fiscal Studies 27, no. 4 (2006): 506, 508. 传统观念认为，孩子入学是母亲重返工作岗位的关键时期。但事实上，有很大一部分母亲在此时退出工作岗位。
1702397846
1702397847
26. Slaughter, Unfinished Business , 54.
1702397848
1702397849
27. UK Labour Force Survey (2015). Analysis prepared by Gillian Paull (Frontier Economics) for presentation by Shani Orgad and Gillian Paull to the Policy Lab and Government Equalities Office, July 17, 2017. 参见Shani Orgad, “Heading Home: Public Discourse and Women’s Experience of Family and Work” (London: London School of Economics and Political Science, 2017), http://eprints.lse.ac.uk/81486/。
1702397850
1702397851
28. John Bingham, “Middle Class Mothers Deserting Workplace to Care for Children, Government Study Shows,” Telegraph , January 30, 2014, http://www.telegraph.co.uk/women/10608528/Middle-class-mothers-deserting-workplace-to-care-for-children-Government-study-shows.html.
1702397852
1702397853
29. 数据来源于对英国《劳动力调查报告》（1997—2017）的分析，出自Presentation by Shani Orgad and Gillian Paull (Frontier Economics) to the Policy Lab and UK Government Equalities Office, July 17, 2017。见本章注释21。
1702397854
1702397855
30. Landivar, Women at Work , 92.
1702397856
1702397857
31. 例如，参见Catherine Hakim, Work-Lifestyle Choices in the 21st Century: Preference Theory (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2000)。
1702397858
1702397859
32. Hakim, Work-Lifestyle Choices . 哈基姆的理论在第1章有更详细的讨论。
[
上一页 ]
[ :1.70239781e+09 ]
[
下一页 ]