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36. 《丽塔老师》讲述了一位当副校长的单亲妈妈的故事。她完全背离了“高强度母职”的准则，甚至对此毫不在意。她心直口快，生活乱糟糟，见色忘义，常常不顾他人感受，以至于忽视了自己的孩子；但她被塑造成一个不守规矩和矛盾的人，而不是一个“坏妈妈”。关于其他媒介再现的类似讨论，参见Sharon R. Mazzarella, “It Is What It Is: Here Comes Honey Boo Boo’s ‘Mama’ June Shannon as Unruly Mother,” in Mediated Moms , ed. Hundley and Hayden, 123–142。
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37. Walters and Harrison, “Not Ready to Make Nice,” 39; 另见Hundley and Hayden, Mediated Moms ; Karlyn, “Feminist Dialectics.”。
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38. FiatUK, “‘The Motherhood’Feat.Fiat 500L,” YouTube, December 13, 2012, https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=eNVde5HPhYo; Dove US, “Baby Dove | #RealMoms,” YouTube, April 5, 2017, https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=9dE9AnU3MaI.
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39. Palmer-Mehta and Shuler, “‘Devil Mammas.’”在另一项对与酒精摄入相关的妈咪博客和妈咪书籍的研究中，塔莎·杜布里尼（Tasha Dubriwny）发现，这些博文有一个重要特点，那就是发泄对照顾孩子的不满。“妈妈们揭露照料孩子的失落感这点，”杜布里尼写道，“至少驳倒了一条母职机制赖以运作的基本原则，那就是，女人天生就适合做养儿养女的琐事，而且乐在其中。”Tasha Dubriwny, “Mommy Blogs and a Disruptive Possibilities of Transgressive Drinking,” in Mediated Moms , ed. Hundley and Hayden, 214. 另见Leslie Husbands, “Blogging the Maternal: Self-Representations of the Pregnant and Postpartum Body,” Atlantis , 32, no. 2 (2008): 68–79; Julie A. Wilson and Emily Chivers Yochim, Mothering through Precarity: Women’s Work and Digital Media (Durham, NC/London: Duke University Press, 2017); Sarah Pedersen, “The Good, the Bad and the ‘Good Enough’ Mother on the UK Parenting Forum Mumsnet,” Women’s Studies International Forum , 59 (2016): 32–38.
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40. 另见Lisa Baraitser, Maternal Encounters: The Ethics of Interruption , Women and Psychology series (New York: Routledge, 2008).
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41. Kuperberg and Stone, Media Depiction , 512.
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42. Eli Zaretsky, Capitalism, the Family and Personal Life (London: Pluto, 1976).
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43. Rosemary Crompton, “Employment, Flexible Working, and the Family,” British Journal of Sociology 53, no. 4 (2002): 537–558. 关于克朗普顿作品的讨论，另见Angela McRobbie, The Aftermath of Feminism , 79。
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44. Nancy Fraser, “Contradictions of Capital and Care,” New Left Review 100 (2016): 102.
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45. Helier Cheung, “Why Did People Assume an Asian Woman in BBC Viral Video Was the Nanny?” BBC, March 11, 2017, http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-asia-39244325.
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46. “BBC Interview with Robert Kelly Interrupted by Children Live on Air,” BBC, March 10, 2107, https://www.bbc.com/news/av/world-39232538/bbc-interview-with-robert-kelly-interrupted-by-children-live-on-air. 对原视频的一则恶搞作品设想了如果受访专家是那位妻子，事态又会如何发展。它认为，妻子不会无视或力图轰走孩子，而是会一边继续采访，一边喂孩子、打扫卫生间、做饭和拆卸炸弹！对她来说，工作和家庭领域是合二为一的。
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47. John Gray, Men Are from Mars, Women Are from Venus (London: Harper Collins, 1992).
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48. Rachel O’Neill, “Feminist Encounters with Evolutionary Psychology,” Australian Feminist Studies 30, no. 86 (2015): 345–350; Anne Perkins, “It’s Official—Women Are Nicer than Men. Is This Really Science?” Guardian , October 10, 2017, https://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/2017/oct/10/official-women-nicer-men-really-science.
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49. 朱莉A. 威尔逊（Julie A. Wilson）和埃米莉·奇弗斯·约奇姆（Emily Chivers Yochim）对美国全职妈妈的研究发现了类似的现象：当“男人‘放松休闲’时，女人仍觉得必须干活，为家庭操劳。”Wilson and Yochim, Mothering through Precarity , 23–24.
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50. 关于性别差异论对后女性主义话语的影响，参见Rosalind Gill, “Postfeminist Media Culture: Elements of a Sensibility,” European Journal of Cultural Studies 10, no. 2 (2007): 147–166。
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51. McRobbie, “Feminism, the Family,” 130.
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52. Margaret Wetherell, Hilda Stiven, and Jonathan Potter, “Unequal Egalitarianism: A Preliminary Study of Discourses Concerning Gender and Employment Opportunities,” British Journal of Social Psychology 26, no. 1 (1987): 59–71.
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53. Wetherell, Stiven, and Potter, “Unequal Egalitarianism,” 64.
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54. Hochschild, The Second Shift , 44.
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55. Betty Friedan, The Feminine Mystique (London: Penguin, 2000 [1963]).
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56. 例如，“I Have So Much Housework …” https://uk.pinterest.com/pin/14566398778723544/; “Taking Naps …” https://uk.pinterest.com/pin/512636370061977284/。
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57. Pamela Stone, Opting Out? Why Women Really Quit Careers and Head Home (Berkeley: University of California Press, 2007).
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58. 凯蒂的叙述在我另一篇文章中也有讨论：Shani Orgad, “Incongruous Encounters: Media Representations and Lived Experiences of Stay-at-Home mothers,” Feminist Media Studies 16, no. 3 (2016): 478–494。
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59. Hochschild and Machung, Second Shift , 53中也有相关讨论。
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60. 关于后女权时代父职发展更新的讨论，参见Hannah Hamad, Postfeminism and Paternity in Contemporary US Film: Framing Fatherhood (New York/London: Routledge, 2014)。
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