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14．John Horton，“Online Labor Markets，”in Internet and Network Economics：6th International Workshop，WINE 2010，Stanford，CA，USA，December 13–17，2010，Proceedings，Lecture Notes in Computer Science（New York：Springer，2011）. Horton建议：“市场创建者的影响无孔不入，以至于他们在市场中的角色更接近政府的角色……他们决定了市场允许的行动空间，如允许什么样的契约形式以及谁拥有决策权。”我们同意他的观点。
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15．Juliet B. Schor and Craig J. Thompson, Sustainable Lifestyles and the Quest for Plenitude: Case Studies of the New Economy (New Haven, CT: Yale University Press, 2014).
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第四章 努力工作（不只）为钱
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1．Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System, Report on the Economic Well-Being of U.S. Households in 2016 (Washington, DC: Federal Reserve Board, May 2017); Neal Gabler, “The Secret Shame of Middle-Class Americans,”The Atlantic, May 2016, https://www.theatlantic.com/magazine/archive/2016/05/my-secret-shame/476415/.
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2．布鲁克·埃琳·达菲（Brooke Erin Duffy）把这种混合着激情项目和投资组合的形式称为“有抱负的劳动”（aspirational labor）。参阅Brooke Erin Duffy，（Not）Getting Paid to Do What You Love：Gender，Social Media，and Aspirational Work（New Haven，CT：Yale University Press，2017）。
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3．Weil, The Fissured Workplace; Dean Baker, Rigged: How Globalization and the Rules of the Modern Economy Were Structured to Make the Rich Richer (Washington, DC: Center for Economic and Policy Research, 2016); Herzenberg, Alic, and Wial, New Rules.
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4．Weil, The Fissured Workplace.
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5．Arlie Russell Hochschild, The Managed Heart: Commercialization of Human Feeling, 3rd ed. (Berkeley: University of California Press, 2012).
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6．Neff, Venture Labor; Ursula Huws, Labor in the Global Digital Economy: The Cybertariat Comes of Age (New York: Monthly Review Press, 2014); Alice E. Marwick, Status Update: Celebrity, Publicity, and Branding in the Social Media Age (New Haven, CT: Yale University Press, 2013).
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7．Jay Shambaugh Nantz et al., Thirteen Facts About Wage Growth(Washington, DC: Brookings Institution, September 25, 2017), https://www.brookings.edu/research/thirteen-facts-about-wage-growth/.
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8．Lawrence Mishel, Elise Gould, and Josh Bivens, Wage Stagnation in Nine Charts (Washington, DC: Economic Policy Institute, 2015), http://www.epi.org/publication/charting-wage-stagnation/.
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9．National Low Income Housing Coalition, “Out of Reach”(Washington, DC: National Low Income Housing Coalition, 2018), http://nlihc.org/oor; Susan J. Lambert, Peter J. Fugiel, and Julia R. Henly, “Precarious Work Schedules Among Early-Career Employees in the US: A National Snapshot,”research brief (Chicago: EINet, University of Chicago, 2014), 24; Dan Clawson and Naomi Gerstel, Unequal Time: Gender, Class, and Familyin Employment Schedules (New York: Russell Sage Foundation, 2014); Bridget Ansel and Heather Boushey, Modernizing U.S. Labor Standards for 21st-Century Families, The Hamilton Project(Washington, DC: Brookings Institution, 2017), 25; Lydia DePillis, “The Next Labor Fight Is Over When You Work, Not How Much You Make,”Wonkblog, Washington Post, May 8, 2015, https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/wonk/wp/2015/05/08/the-next-labor-fight-is-over-when-you-work-not-how-much-you-make/; Robert Reich, “How the New Flexible Economy Is Making Workers’ Lives Hell,”Robert Reich (blog), April 20, 2015, http://robertreich.org/post/116924386855.
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10．Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve, Economic Well-Being.
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11．一些城市（如旧金山、西雅图和纽约）和俄勒冈州已经通过了关于日程改革和保护雇员的立法，这些雇员通常受到准时制日程安排的约束。最近，日程安排和管理软件的业务在蓬勃发展，Celayix、Smartsheet和Shiftboard等软件重新利用了API和网站的幽灵工作工具包，提供所谓的“预测性日程安排”。这表明，员工日程安排自动化的做法还有很长的路要走。参阅Joan C. Williams et al.，“Stable Scheduling Increases Productivity and Sales：The Stable Scheduling Study，”University of California Hastings College of the Law，University of Chicago School of Social Service Administration，University of California Kenan-Flagler Business School，2018，https://www.ssa.uchicago.edu/stable-scheduling-study-reveals-benefits-and-feasibility-retail-families-businesses。
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12．Chen, Gray, and Suri, “More than Money.”
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13．Mary L. Gray et al., “The Crowd Is a Collaborative Network,”in CSCW ’16: Proceedings of the 19th ACM Conference on Computer-Supported Cooperative Work & Social Computing (New York: ACM, 2016), 134–47, https://doi.org/10.1145/2818048.2819942.
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14．Ibid.
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15．Ahmed et al., “Peer-to-Peer in the Workplace: A View from the Road,”in CHI: ’16. Proceedings of the 2016 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems (New York: ACM, 2016), 5063–75, https://doi.org/10.1145/2858036.2858393.
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16．Julie Yujie Chen, “Thrown Under the Bus and Outrunning It!The Logic of Didi and Taxi Drivers’ Labour and Activism in the On-Demand Economy,”New Media & Society, September 6, 2017, https://doi.org/10.1177/1461444817729149.
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17．Wikipedia, s.v. “Pareto Principle,”accessed June 15, 2018, https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pareto_principle.
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18．United Nations Development Programme, Global Dimensions of Human Development, Human Development Report (New York: Oxford University Press, 1992).
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19．Jesse Chandler, Pam Mueller, and Gabriele Paolacci, “Nonnaïveté Among Amazon Mechanical Turk Workers: Consequences and Solutions for Behavioral Researchers,”Behavior Research Methods 46, no. 1 (March 2014): 112–30, https://doi.org/10.3758/s13428-013-0365-7.
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20．Stewart et al., “The Average Laboratory Samples a Population of 7, 300 Amazon Mechanical Turk Workers,”Judgment and Decision Making 10, no. 5 (2015): 13; Karën Fort, Gilles Adda, and K. Bretonnel Cohen, “Amazon Mechanical Turk: Gold Mine or Coal Mine?,”Computational Linguistics 37, no. 2 (2011): 413–20.
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21．Ruth Schwartz Cowan, More Work for Mother: The Ironies of Household Technology from the Open Hearth to the Microwave, 2nd ed. (New York: Basic Books, 1985).
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22．Arlie Hochschild and Anne Machung, The Second Shift: Working Families and the Revolution at Home, rev. ed. (New York: Penguin, 2012); Gregg, Work’s Intimacy.
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