打字猴:1.70289544e+09
1702895440
1702895441 [70] 讨论的详细情况参见FRUS,1950,Vol.1,pp.297-312。
1702895442
1702895443 [71] Memorandum of Conversation,by the Executive Secretary of the National Security Council(Lay),May 12,1950,FRUS,1950,Vol.1,pp.312-313.
1702895444
1702895445 [72] NSC68/1:United States Objectives and Programs for National Security,September 21,1950,DNSA,Presidential Directives,PD00178、00179.
1702895446
1702895447 [73] NSC68/4:United States Objectives and Programs for National Security,December 14,1950.DNSA,Presidential Directives,PD00167.
1702895448
1702895449 [74] NSC68,Note by the Executive Secretary to the National Security Council on United States Objectives and Programs for National Security,April 14,1950,FRUS,1950,Vol.1,pp.237-292.有关NSC68文件的全面分析,见周桂银《美国全球遏制战略:NSC68决策分析》,沈宗美主编《理解与沟通:中美文化研究论文集》,南京大学出版社,1992,第74~102页;Ernest R.May(ed.),American Cold War Strategy:Interpreting NSC 68,Boston,New York:Bedford Books of St.Martin’s Press,1993;张曙光《美国遏制战略与冷战起源再探》,上海外语教育出版社,2007,第83~247页。
1702895450
1702895451 [75] 张曙光:《美国遏制战略与冷战起源再探》,第116、142页。
1702895452
1702895453 [76] 应当指出,以往对于NSC68号文件的研究,也都注意到美国的全球战略改变及其对美国对华政策的影响,只是并未深入探讨美国对台政策变化与NSC68号文件之间的逻辑关系。如见Gordon H.Chang,Friends and Enemies,pp.69-70。
1702895454
1702895455 [77] Memorandum by the Assistant Secretary of State for Far Eastern Affairs(Rusk)to the Secretary of State,April 26,1950,FRUS,1950,Vol.6,pp.333-335;ORE 19-50,Recent Activities of Soviet Military Personnel in China,April 21,1950,Fiche 19,Items 84-87,The National Security Archive.
1702895456
1702895457 [78] Melvyn P.Leffler,A Preponderance of Power:National Security,the Truman Administration,and the Cold War,Stanford:Stanford University Press,1992,pp.363-364.
1702895458
1702895459 [79] 美国国家档案馆藏:RG 59,793.00/5-350,转引自资中筠、何迪编《美台关系四十年》,第45页。
1702895460
1702895461 [80] 美国国家档案馆藏:RG 330,CD 6-4-6,转引自资中筠、何迪编《美台关系四十年》,第45~46页。
1702895462
1702895463 [81] MacArthur to Department of the Army,May 20,1950,C 56410,Formosa folder,box 2,RG 6,MacArthur Papers;Bradley to Johnson,May 31,1950,CCS 381,Formosa(11-8-48),RG 218,JCS Records,The National Archives.
1702895464
1702895465 [82] 克莱·布莱尔整理《将军百战归——布雷德利自传》,廉怡之译,军事译文出版社,1985,第690页。
1702895466
1702895467 [83] Dorothy Borg and Waldo Heinriches(eds.),Uncertain Year,p.89.
1702895468
1702895469 [84] Memorandum by Dulles,Consultant to the Secretary of State,May 18,1950,FRUS,1950,Vol.1,pp.314-316;Extract From a Draft Memorandum by the Assistant Secretary of State for Far Eastern Affairs(Rusk)to the Secretary of State,May 30,1950,FRUS,1950,Vol.6,pp.349-351.
1702895470
1702895471 [85] Memorandum by the Assistant Secretary of State for Far Eastern Affairs (Rusk)to the Secretary of State,April 17,1950,FRUS,1950,Vol.6,p.330.似乎有意要配合军方和国务院“鹰派”人物对台湾的计划,中情局在3月16日虽然警告说,中苏同盟条约的秘密条款规定,“如果美国正式出兵援助并保卫台湾,那么苏联将立即参战”,但是,“如果美国只派志愿军或日本军队或对台湾给予经济和军事援助,那么该条款将不适用于这些情况”。(NLT 85-20,CIA Memorandum,Official Use,March 16,1950,Declassified Documents Reference System(DDRS),CK3100251082)此后,除腊斯克向国务卿报告的情报评估外,在5月11日,中情局声称,从1月直到4月中旬,国民党人的士气似乎变得高涨起来;其对大陆予以空中攻击的有效性、持续进行海上封锁、在海南及其他近海岛屿击退共产党小规模的进攻,以及几支国民党“突击队”对大陆的突袭,都表明国民党的军事能力已得到改善。(Intelligence Memorandum No.292,May 11,1950,DDRS,CK3100429683.)这无疑为军方和腊斯克等人提出的援助蒋介石政权的要求增加了一些砝码。
1702895472
1702895473 [86] Memorandum by the Assistant Secretary of State for Far Eastern Affairs (Rusk)to the Secretary of State,April 26,1950,FRUS,1950,Vol.6,pp.333-335.
1702895474
1702895475 [87] Memorandum by the Special Assistant to the Secretary of Defense for Foreign Military Affairs and Assistance (Burns)to the Assistant Secretary of State for Far Eastern Affairs (Rusk),May 29,1950,FRUS,1950,Vol.6,pp.346-347.
1702895476
1702895477 [88] Memorandum by the Deputy Special Assistant for Intelligence (Howe)to Mr.W.Park Armstrong,Special Assistant to the Secretary of State for Intelligence and Research,May 31,1950,FRUS,1950,Vol.6,pp.347-351;Rusk’s report of May 31,1950,RG 59,Department of State Records,The National Archives.
1702895478
1702895479 [89] Robert D.Accinelli,Crisis and Commitment:United States Policy toward Taiwan,1950–1955,Chapel Hill:University of North Carolina Press,1996,p.23.
1702895480
1702895481 [90] 详见华庆昭《从雅尔塔到板门店》,第243页;资中筠、何迪编《美台关系四十年》,第48页。
1702895482
1702895483 [91] The Secretary of State to the Secretary of Defense(Johnson),June 1,1950,FRUS,1950,Vol.6,pp.351-352.
1702895484
1702895485 [92] 顾维钧:《顾维钧回忆录》第7分册,中国社会科学院近代史研究所译,中华书局,1988,第764~765页。
1702895486
1702895487 [93] MacArthur Memorandum on Formosa,June 14,1950,FRUS,1950,Vol.7,Korea,Washington D.C.:GPO,1976,pp.161-165;克莱·布莱尔整理《将军百战归》,第687页。其实,在国民党政权败逃台湾后,杜鲁门政府一直没有停止通过各种方式对台湾予以援助。根据其国家安全委员会题为“协调美国对远东地区的援助项目”的NSC61/1号文件,1950年美国对台湾的援助拨款数额为1.04亿美元。见NSC61/1,Coordination of U.S.Aid Programs for Far Eastern Areas,May 16,1950,DNSA,Presidential Directives,PD00164。
1702895488
1702895489 [94] 《蒋介石日记》,1950年6月24日。
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