打字猴:1.702904676e+09
1702904676
1702904677 本书的另外一个特征就是强调信息环境。本书并不假定完全充分的信息。实际上如果有完全充分的信息,那么当谈判一开始,协定的批准就应进行。然而,本书强调在不充足信息的环境下仍可以维持合作,而且国内社会行为体可以为政策制定者提供信息,从而让政策制定者更易于达成合作性协定。信息缺乏并不总是国际协定的阻碍。本书我们将注意力集中于信息环境,使其成为理解对外政策的另一个重要变量。这一领域的研究进展也很缓慢。目前多数对外经济政策的分析仍然假定完全和充分的信息(比如Walter 2008;Chase 2008;Bueno de Mesquita and Smith 2009)。但是现在也有一些研究着眼于哪些国内行为体了解自身的偏好及本国政府的政策,这表明信息缺乏是普遍的(Guisinger 2009;Mansfield and Mutz 2009)。但是,将信息匮乏系统地纳入对外经济政策的模型中仍然少见。在2007—2009年的全球金融危机之后,学者们已经开始呼吁重视行为体所具有的信息(information)和信念(beliefs),以便不仅能更好地处理行为体所面临的风险,也能更好地应对相互依赖世界中他们所面对的不确定性(Katzenstein 2009)。这与本书的论点不谋而合。
1702904678
1702904679 本书另外一个进展是所提出的评估假设的实证策略。在这本书中,案例研究是证据的主要来源。这种定性分析方法仍然是本研究领域的重要部分。但是越来越多的定量数据已经得到发展和运用。综合不同国家和不同时间的数据库,也就是所谓的依时间序列的跨部门数据(time series cross sections,TSCS),正在变得更为流行,这是因为这种方法已经能够更好地应对内在的统计问题。现在我可能会想为本书增加一个定量分析的部分。我最近的一些研究也仍在关注本书中提出的假设,并且运用定量数据来检验这些假设,其中一些发现支持了本书的观点(Mansfield et al 2007,2008)。利用多种方法,包括定量、定性、试验和调查的方法,在目前国际关系研究中变得越来越普遍,这是向前发展的重要一步。
1702904680
1702904681 国际合作是本书的核心着眼点,现在也仍是极为重要的议题。最近全球金融危机的影响就是在国家间相互合作的状况下被缓解,从而避免了以邻为壑的行为。这次合作同20世纪30年代大危机时代缺乏此类合作形成鲜明对比;当时国家间的竞争造成了采取对所有国家而言都进一步恶化危机的政策。我们对国家间避免造成负面外部性的竞争的条件了解得越多越好。我们目前所处的全球化的世界强化了合作的需求;国家政策影响的扩展要比以往的网络化体系更为快速和强烈。理解政府如何防止国内政治阻碍他们的国际合作努力是一项关键的任务。
1702904682
1702904683 参考文献
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1702904686
1702904687 Bueno de Mesquita,Bruce and Smith,Alastair.2009.“A Political Economy of Aid”,International Organization,63:2,309—340.
1702904688
1702904689 Chase,Kerry A.2008,“Protecting Free Trade:The Political Economy of Rules of Origin”,International Organization,62:3,507—530.
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1702904722
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