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[584]Stephen M.Walt, The Hell of Good Intentions:America’s Foreign Poli-cy Elite and The Decline of U.S.Primacy(New York:Farrar, Straus and Gir-oux,2018).
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[585]“Remarks by Secretary Mattis on the National Defense Strategy,”Paul H. Nitze School of Advanced International Studies, Washington, DC, January 19,2018.对于国防部的文件,参见https://www.defense.gov/News/Tran-scripts/Transcript-View/Article/1420042/remarks-by-secretary-mattis-on-the-na-tional-defense-strategy/。也可参见“National Security Strategy of the United States of America,”White House, Washington, DC, December 2017;“Summa-ry of the 2018 National Defense Strategy of the United States of America,”De-partment of Defense, Washington, DC, January 2018。
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[586]Mearsheimer, The Tragedy of Great Power Politics, chap.10.
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[587]Michael Beckley,“China’s Century?Why America’s Edge Will En-dure,”International Security 36,no.3(Winter 2011/12):41—78.
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[588]据联合国统计,2010年美国人口约为3.1亿,2050年将达到3.89亿。同年,德国将从8 000万降到7 500万,日本将从1.27亿降到1.07亿,俄罗斯将从1.43亿降到1.29亿。United Nations, Department of Economic and Social Affairs, Population Division, World Population Prospects:The 2015 Revision, https://esa.un.org/unpd/wpp/DataQuery/.
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[589]Jeffrey Goldberg,“The Obama Doctrine:The U.S.President Talks Through His Hardest Decisions about America’s Role in the World,”Atlantic Monthly, April 2016.
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[590]以下关于自由主义霸权如何被挫败的讨论,我从与伊丽莎·格奥尔基(Eliza Gheorghe)、肖恩·林恩琼斯(Sean Lynn-Jones)和斯蒂芬·沃尔特的对话中受益匪浅。
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[591]参见Walt, The Hell of Good Intentions, chap.6。
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[592]关于这一观点的详细讨论,参见Walt, The Hell of Good Intentions, chap.7。
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[593]一些为克制辩护的主要著作包括,Andrew J.Bacevich, The Limits of Power:The End of American Exceptionalism(New York:Holt Paperbacks,2009);Richard K.Betts, American Force:Dangers, Delusions, and Dilemmas in National Security(New York:Columbia University Press,2013);David C.Hendrickson, Republic in Peril:American Empire and the Liberal Tradition(New York:Oxford University Press,2018);Chalmers Johnson, Dismantling the Em-pire:America’s Last Best Hope(New York:Metropolitan Books,2010);Chris-topher Layne, The Peace of Illusions:American Grand Strategy from 1940 to the Present(Ithaca, NY:Cornell University Press,2007);Anatol Lieven and John Hulsman, Ethical Realism:A Vision for America’s Role in the World(New York:Pantheon,2006);Michael Lind, The American Way of Strategy:U.S.Foreign Policy and the American Way of Life(New York:Oxford University Press,2006);Walter A.McDougall, Promised Land, Crusader State:The American Encounter with the World since 1776(New York:Houghton Mifflin,1997);Da-vid Mayers, Dissenting Voices in America’s Rise to Power(New York:Cam-bridge University Press,2007);John J.Mearsheimer and Stephen M.Walt,“The Case for Offshore Balancing,”Foreign Affairs 95,no.4(July/August 2016):70—83;Rajan Menon, The Conceit of Humanitarian Intervention(New York:Oxford University Press,2016);Joseph M.Parent and Paul K.MacDon-ald,“The Wisdom of Retrenchment:America Must Cut Back to Move For-ward,”Foreign Affairs 90,no.6(November/December 2011):32—47;Barry R.Posen, Restraint:A New Foundation for U.S.Grand Strategy(Ithaca, NY:Cornell University Press,2015);Christopher A.Preble, The Power Problem:How American Military Dominance Makes Us Less Safe, Less Prosperous, and Less Free(Ithaca, NY:Cornell University Press,2009);Rosato and Schuessler,“A Realist Foreign Policy for the United States,”pp.803—819;A.Trevor Thrall and Benjamin H.Friedman, eds.,US Grand Strategy in the 21st Century:The Case for Restraint(New York:Routledge,2018);Stephen M.Walt, Taming A-merican Power:The Global Response to U.S.Primacy(New York:Norton,2005)。值得注意的是,现实主义者并不是唯一的克制倡导者,也有从非现实主义的视角看待外交政策的克制倡导者。事实上,甚至还有一些赞成克制的自由国际主义者。例如,参见Tony Smith, Why Wilson Matters:The Origin of American Liberal Internationalism and Its Crisis Today(Princeton, NJ:Princeton University Press,2017)。
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[594]Stephen Kinzer, The True Flag:Theodore Roosevelt, Mark Twain, and the Birth of American Empire(New York:Henry Holt,2017).
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[595]Robin Lindley,“The Origins of American Imperialism:An Interview with StephenKinzer,”History News Network, October 1,2017.
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[596]除了奥巴马和特朗普,乔治·布什在2000年竞选时承诺,他将奉行更“谦逊”的外交政策,并且不会进行国家建构。Condoleezza Rice,“Promoting the National Interest,”Foreign Affairs 79,no.1(January/February 2000):45—62.他在“9·11”事件后迅速放弃了现实主义政策,并热情地拥抱自由主义霸权。
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[597]Neta C.Crawford,“United States Budgetary Costs of Post 9/11 Wars through FY 2018:A Summary of the$5.6 Trillion in Costs for the US Wars in Iraq, Syria, Afghanistan,”Costs of War Project, Watson Institute, Brown Uni-versity, November 2017.
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用地图看懂世界格局
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89051
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作者: 王伟
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出版: 贵州人民出版社
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ISBN: 9787221138224
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