1702913930
1702913931
因此,旧世界秩序的出现就不仅仅是商人可以从中获益的变革,还是他们可以信赖的变革。在新的政治自由主义观念中,上帝和贵族地位下降,个人地位上升。因为战争的权利最终来源于个人意志,所有的人类都获得了崇高的甚至是神圣的地位。
1702913932
1702913933
当雅各布·范·赫姆斯科克1603年在新加坡海岸外袭击“圣卡塔琳娜号”时,他将伟大的雨果引入了作为一名国际法律师的传奇职业生涯。正是格劳秀斯向他的雇主和世界上每个国家展示,在没有可以维护全球体系安全的普遍主权的情况下,他们如何能够在全球范围内开展商贸往来。他们不需要一个世界政府来执行他们的权力——他们需要的只是战争。
1702913934
1702913935
[1]DJP,538.
1702913936
1702913937
[2] Scott M. Fitzpatrick and Richard Callaghan,“Magellan’s Crossing of the Pacific,” The Journal of Pacific History 43,no. 2 (2008):148.
1702913938
1702913939
[3] Martine Julia van Ittersum,Profit and Principle:Hugo Grotius,Natural Rights Theories and the Rise of Dutch Power in the East Indies (1595-1615) (Amsterdam:Brill,2006),35.
1702913940
1702913941
[4]DJP,14,538;Peter Borschberg,“The Seizure of the Sta. Catarina Revisited:The Portuguese Empire in Asia,VOC Politics and the Origins of the Dutch-Johor Alliance (1602-c.1616),” Journal of Southeast Asian Studies 33,no. 1 (February 2002):35,41-44;C. R. Boxer,The Portuguese Seaborne Empire,1415-1825 (New York:Alfred A. Knopf 1969),205-27;Alexander Dean Hazlett,“The Nau of the Livro Nautico:Reconstructing a Sixteenth-Century Indiaman from Texts” (PhD diss.,Texas A&M University,2007),4,30. 葡萄牙果阿邦商会在写给国王的信中,将“圣卡塔琳娜号”描述为“驶离中国的船只中最富有、最强大的”。C. R. Boxer,Portuguese Merchants and Missionaries in Feudal Japan,1543-1640 (London:Variorum,1986),15.
1702913942
1702913943
[5]DJP,538.
1702913944
1702913945
[6] Borschberg,“The Seizure of the Sta. Catarina Revisited,” 47.
1702913946
1702913947
[7] Robert Fruin,De Jure Praedae Commentarius:An Unpublished Work of Hugo Grotius’s,trans. H. G. Hamaker (Clark,NJ:Lawbook Exchange,2003),18.荷兰东印度公司通常根据其荷兰语名称“Vereenigde Oost-Indische Compagnie”被称作“VOC”。
1702913948
1702913949
[8] 形式上,阿姆斯特丹联合公司要被列为原告,这就是荷兰的财政检察制度。参见Verdict of the Amsterdam Admiralty Board,September 9,1604,in DJP,511。
1702913950
1702913951
[9] 形式上,阿姆斯特丹联合公司要被列为原告,这就是荷兰的财政检察制度。参见Verdict of the Amsterdam Admiralty Board,September 9,1604,in DJP,511。范·赫姆斯科克1602~1603年去东印度群岛的航程被马丁·范·伊特逊 (Martine van Ittersum)精心再现出来。参见Martine van Ittersum,“Hugo Grotius in Context:Van Heemskerck’s Capture of the ‘Santa Catarina’ and Its Justification in ‘De Jure Praedae’ (1604-1606),” Asia Journal of Social Science 31,no. 3 (2003)。
1702913952
1702913953
[10]DJP,512.
1702913954
1702913955
[11]DJP,512.
1702913956
1702913957
[12]DJP,512.
1702913958
1702913959
[13]DJP,513.
1702913960
1702913961
[14]DJP,513.
1702913962
1702913963
[15]DJP,514.
1702913964
1702913965
[16] 怀疑此处的70吨黄金为7吨之笔误。在美国,1吨等于907公斤,1公吨(metric ton)等于1000公斤,即我国之1吨;在英国,1吨等于1016公斤。后文说此次收获拍卖收益高达37.5公吨白银,即使按照美国标准,70 吨黄金也重达63490公斤,远重于37.5公吨折算的37500公斤白银。而黄金的价值远超过白银,仅70吨黄金的价值显然就大于37.5公吨白银,更不用说还有其他物品了。又因为前文还说,海事法庭命令该船和货物全部拍卖,故不存在只拍卖部分物品的情况。因此,此次捕获的黄金很可能是7吨多。——译者注
1702913966
1702913967
[17] Borschberg,“The Seizure of the Sta. Catarina Revisited,” 37-41.
1702913968
1702913969
[18] Richard Tuck,The Rights of War and Peace:Political Thought and the International Order from Grotius to Kant (Oxford:Oxford University Press,1999),80.
1702913970
1702913971
[19] Borschberg,“The Seizure of the Sta. Catarina Revisited,” 37-38. The surviving crew split 123,380 guilders. Borschberg,“The Seizure of the Sta. Catarina Revisited,”,57.为了促进与印度群岛的贸易,荷兰议会放弃了他们的份额。参见Victor Enthoven,Zeeland en de opkomst van de Republiek (Leiden:Luctor et Victor,1996),208-9。
1702913972
1702913973
[20] 判决只是声称,捕获行动是“自然法和万民法(jus gentium)允许的,并且是执行亲王阁下的命令”,而没有去证明这些说法的正当性。参见Verdict of the Amsterdam Admiralty Board,513;Van Ittersum,Profit and Principle,lv,22-23。
1702913974
1702913975
[21] 参见弗鲁因(Fruin)等的讨论:De Jure Praedae Commentarius:An Unpublished Work of Hugo Grotius’s,32-36,and Van Ittersum,Profit and Principle,119-22。
1702913976
1702913977
[22] Van Ittersum,Profit and Principle,24-26.
1702913978
1702913979
[23] Hamilton Vreeland,Jr.,Hugo Grotius:The Father of the Modern Science of International Law (New York:Oxford University Press,1917),9-10.
[
上一页 ]
[ :1.70291393e+09 ]
[
下一页 ]