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[6] “Imperial Manifesto，” August 2，1914，in Documents of Russian History，1914-1917，ed. Frank Alfred Golder （New York：Century Company，1927），29-30.
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[7] The Franco-Russian Alliance Military Convention，August 18，1892，Avalon Law Project，Yale Law School，Lillian Goldman Law Library，http：//avalon.law.yale.edu/19th century/frrumil.asp；Germany’s Declaration of War with France （“Letter Handed by the German Ambassador to M. Rene Viviani”），August 3，1914，in Scott，ed.，Diplomatic Documents Relating to the Outbreak of the European War，693-94.
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[8] 当英国大使通知德国首相特奥巴登·冯·贝特曼·霍尔维格（Theobald von Bethmann-Hollweg）因为德国破坏了比利时的中立，英国要向德国开战时，德国首相惊呼，他不敢相信英国竟然会因为“一纸协定”而与“一个同源国家”（“a kindred nation”）开战。参见Sir E. Goschen’s report to Sir Edward Grey on interview with Chancellor vonBethmann-Hollweg （August 4，1914），World War I Document Archive，http：//www.gwpda. org/1914/paperscrap.html；Isabel V. Hull，A Scrap of Paper：Breaking and Making International Law During the Great War （Ithaca，NY：Cornell University Press 2014），42。
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[9] “Note Communicated by M. Davignon，the Belgian Minister for Foreign Affairs，to Herr von Below Saleske，German Minister，” August 3，1914，in Official Diplomatic Documents Relating to the Outbreak of the European War，ed. Edwin von Mach （New York：Macmillan Company，1916），421.
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1702915583
[10] Hew Strachan，The First World War （New York：Viking，2004）；Barbara Tuchman，The Guns of August：The Outbreak of World War I （New York：Presidio Press，2004），321.
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[11] Woodrow Wilson，“An Appeal by the President of the United States to the Citizens of the Republic，Requesting Their Assistance in Maintaining a State of Neutrality During the Present European War，” August 19，2014，Congress，63rd Cong.，2nd Sess.，Senate Doc. No. 566 （Washington，DC：U.S. Government Printing Office，1914），3-4.
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[12] Woodrow Wilson，“An Appeal by the President of the United States to the Citizens of the Republic，Requesting Their Assistance in Maintaining a State of Neutrality During the Present European War，” August 19，2014，Congress，63rd Cong.，2nd Sess.，Senate Doc. No. 566 （Washington，DC：U.S. Government Printing Office，1914），3-4.
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[13] Howard Jones，Crucible of Power：A History of U.S. Foreign Relations Since 1897 （Wilmington，DE：Rowman & Littlefield，2001），73.
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[14] “Lusitania Sunk by a Submarine，Probably 1000 Dead，” New York Times，May 8，1915. 德国人声称，击沉该船是完全正当的。他们争辩说，这艘船载有为盟国提供的弹药，因此是一艘军舰，根据国际法是合法的攻击目标。参见“Sinking Justified Says Dr. Dernberg：Lusitania a ‘War Vessel’ Known to be Carrying Contraband，Hence Search Was Not Necessary，” New York Times，May 9，1915。最近的证据支持了德国的说法：对沉船残骸的物证鉴定表明，“卢西塔尼亚号”沉没时，载有多达400万发子弹。参见Sam Greenhill，“Secret of the Lusitania：Arms Find Challenges Allied Claims It Was Solely a Passenger Ship，” Daily Mail，December 19，2008。
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[15] Erik Larson，Dead Wake：The Last Crossing of the Lusitania （New York：Crown，2015），276.
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[16] The Secretary of State William Jennings Bryan to the Ambassador in Germany （Gerard）（May 13，1915），FRUS 1915 （Supplement：The World War），393；The Secretary of State ad interim （Lansing） to the Ambassador in Germany （Gerard）（June 9，1915）FRUS 1915 （Supplement：The World War），436；The Secretary of State to the Ambassador in Germany （Gerard）（July 21，1915），FRUS 1915 （Supplement：The World War），480；president Woodrow Wilson to German Foreign Minister （April 18，1916）（delivered by the Ambassador in German （Gerad），pursuant to instnutions from Secretary of State Robert Lansing，FRUS 1916 （Supplement：The World War），232-34（“除非帝国政府现在立即宣布放弃现有的对旅客和货运船只进行潜艇战的方法，否则美国政府别无选择，只能断绝与德意志帝国的外交关系”）。
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[17] German Foreign Minister Gottleib Von Jagow to U.S. Ambassdor James W. Gerard （May 4，1916），FRUS 1916 （Supplement：The World War），257.
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[18] Democratic Party Platform，June 16，1916，The American Presidency Project，http：//www.presidency.ucsb.edu/ws/？pid= 29591. 也可参阅 John Milton Cooper，Jr.，Woodrow Wilson：A Biography （New York：Alfred A. Knopf，2009），342。
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[19] Zimmermann Telegram as Received by the German Ambassador to Mexico，January 19，1917，General Records of the Department of State，Record Group 59，National Archives.
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[20] Zimmermann Telegram as Received by the German Ambassador to Mexico，January 19，1917，General Records of the Department of State，Record Group 59，National Archives.
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[21] 战争前夕，卡内基国际和平基金会（Carnegie Endowment for International Peace）重印了一版《海洋自由论》，在其导言中，明确表达了这种关联：“‘海洋自由’这个表述一直被交战方和中立方挂在嘴边，现在第一次用英语及时地发行格劳秀斯著名的拉丁文小册子似乎是明智的。格劳秀斯通过这本著作宣称、解释并在很大程度上实现了‘海洋自由’。’”参见Hugo Grotius，The Freedom of the Seas or the Right Which Belongs to the Dutch to Take Part in East Indian Trade，trans. Ralph Van Derman Magoffin（New York：Oxford University Press，1916），v。
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[22] Woodrow Wilson，“Joint Address to Congress Leading to a Declaration of War Against Germany，” April 2，1917，Records of the United States Senate，Record Group 46，National Archives.
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[23] Derek H. Aldcroft，From Versailles to Wall Street，1919-1929 （Berkeley：University of California Press，1981），13（“现役部队死亡人数……800万”）；Meredith Reid Sarkees，The COW Typology of War：Defining and Categorizing Wars（Version 4 of the Data）（显示战斗死亡8578031人）。
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[24] Aldcroft，From Versailles to Wall Street，13-14（需要注意的是，伤残人数可能包括一些平民）。也可参阅Samuel Dumas and K. O. Vedel-Petersen，Losses of Life Caused by War （Oxford：The Claredon Press，1923），137-45。
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[25] Wilson borrowed the phrase from H. G. Wells，The War That Will End War （New York：Duffield & Co.，1914）.
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[26] Margaret MacMillan，Paris 1919：Six Months That Changed the World （New York：Random House，2003），53. 除了此处讨论的重点《国际联盟盟约》和《凯洛格-白里安公约》，更多关于战后和平努力请参阅 Patrick O. Cohrs，The Unfinished Peace After World War I：America，Britain and the Stablisation of Europe，1919-1932 （Cambridge：Cambridge University Press 2006）。
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[27] Woodrow Wilson，“President Wilson’s Message to Congress，” January 8，1918，Records of the United States Senate，Record Group 46，National Archives.
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1702915619
[28] The Covenant of the League of Nations，Arts. 12，13，15 （1924）.
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[29] Woodrow Wilson，“Address at Pueblo，Colorado，” September 25，1919，in Addresses of President Wilson：Addresses Delivered by President Wilson on His Western Tour，66th Congress，1st Sess.，S. Doc. No. 120 （Washington，DC：U.S. Government Printing Office，1919），359-70.
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[30] John E. Stoner，S. O. Levinson and the Pact of Paris （Chicago：University of Chicago Press，1943），8. 莱文森及其发起的非法化战争运动在很大程度上被遗忘了，以下这部著作除外：David Swanson，When the World Outlawed War（2011年自行出版）。
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