打字猴:1.702915593e+09
1702915593 [15] Erik Larson,Dead Wake:The Last Crossing of the Lusitania (New York:Crown,2015),276.
1702915594
1702915595 [16] The Secretary of State William Jennings Bryan to the Ambassador in Germany (Gerard)(May 13,1915),FRUS 1915 (Supplement:The World War),393;The Secretary of State ad interim (Lansing) to the Ambassador in Germany (Gerard)(June 9,1915)FRUS 1915 (Supplement:The World War),436;The Secretary of State to the Ambassador in Germany (Gerard)(July 21,1915),FRUS 1915 (Supplement:The World War),480;president Woodrow Wilson to German Foreign Minister (April 18,1916)(delivered by the Ambassador in German (Gerad),pursuant to instnutions from Secretary of State Robert Lansing,FRUS 1916 (Supplement:The World War),232-34(“除非帝国政府现在立即宣布放弃现有的对旅客和货运船只进行潜艇战的方法,否则美国政府别无选择,只能断绝与德意志帝国的外交关系”)。
1702915596
1702915597 [17] German Foreign Minister Gottleib Von Jagow to U.S. Ambassdor James W. Gerard (May 4,1916),FRUS 1916 (Supplement:The World War),257.
1702915598
1702915599 [18] Democratic Party Platform,June 16,1916,The American Presidency Project,http://www.presidency.ucsb.edu/ws/?pid= 29591. 也可参阅 John Milton Cooper,Jr.,Woodrow Wilson:A Biography (New York:Alfred A. Knopf,2009),342。
1702915600
1702915601 [19] Zimmermann Telegram as Received by the German Ambassador to Mexico,January 19,1917,General Records of the Department of State,Record Group 59,National Archives.
1702915602
1702915603 [20] Zimmermann Telegram as Received by the German Ambassador to Mexico,January 19,1917,General Records of the Department of State,Record Group 59,National Archives.
1702915604
1702915605 [21] 战争前夕,卡内基国际和平基金会(Carnegie Endowment for International Peace)重印了一版《海洋自由论》,在其导言中,明确表达了这种关联:“‘海洋自由’这个表述一直被交战方和中立方挂在嘴边,现在第一次用英语及时地发行格劳秀斯著名的拉丁文小册子似乎是明智的。格劳秀斯通过这本著作宣称、解释并在很大程度上实现了‘海洋自由’。’”参见Hugo Grotius,The Freedom of the Seas or the Right Which Belongs to the Dutch to Take Part in East Indian Trade,trans. Ralph Van Derman Magoffin(New York:Oxford University Press,1916),v。
1702915606
1702915607 [22] Woodrow Wilson,“Joint Address to Congress Leading to a Declaration of War Against Germany,” April 2,1917,Records of the United States Senate,Record Group 46,National Archives.
1702915608
1702915609 [23] Derek H. Aldcroft,From Versailles to Wall Street,1919-1929 (Berkeley:University of California Press,1981),13(“现役部队死亡人数……800万”);Meredith Reid Sarkees,The COW Typology of War:Defining and Categorizing Wars(Version 4 of the Data)(显示战斗死亡8578031人)。
1702915610
1702915611 [24] Aldcroft,From Versailles to Wall Street,13-14(需要注意的是,伤残人数可能包括一些平民)。也可参阅Samuel Dumas and K. O. Vedel-Petersen,Losses of Life Caused by War (Oxford:The Claredon Press,1923),137-45。
1702915612
1702915613 [25] Wilson borrowed the phrase from H. G. Wells,The War That Will End War (New York:Duffield & Co.,1914).
1702915614
1702915615 [26] Margaret MacMillan,Paris 1919:Six Months That Changed the World (New York:Random House,2003),53. 除了此处讨论的重点《国际联盟盟约》和《凯洛格-白里安公约》,更多关于战后和平努力请参阅 Patrick O. Cohrs,The Unfinished Peace After World War I:America,Britain and the Stablisation of Europe,1919-1932 (Cambridge:Cambridge University Press 2006)。
1702915616
1702915617 [27] Woodrow Wilson,“President Wilson’s Message to Congress,” January 8,1918,Records of the United States Senate,Record Group 46,National Archives.
1702915618
1702915619 [28] The Covenant of the League of Nations,Arts. 12,13,15 (1924).
1702915620
1702915621 [29] Woodrow Wilson,“Address at Pueblo,Colorado,” September 25,1919,in Addresses of President Wilson:Addresses Delivered by President Wilson on His Western Tour,66th Congress,1st Sess.,S. Doc. No. 120 (Washington,DC:U.S. Government Printing Office,1919),359-70.
1702915622
1702915623 [30] John E. Stoner,S. O. Levinson and the Pact of Paris (Chicago:University of Chicago Press,1943),8. 莱文森及其发起的非法化战争运动在很大程度上被遗忘了,以下这部著作除外:David Swanson,When the World Outlawed War(2011年自行出版)。
1702915624
1702915625 [31] Stoner,S. O. Levinson and the Pact of Paris,1-10.
1702915626
1702915627 [32] Stoner,S. O. Levinson and the Pact of Paris,11-13.
1702915628
1702915629 [33] Stoner,S. O. Levinson and the Pact of Paris,12 (quoting The New York Times). 参见“Governors Close Stock Exchange,” New York Times,August 1,1914。
1702915630
1702915631 [34] Stoner,S. O. Levinson and the Pact of Paris,12[此处引用了萨尔蒙·莱文森在1914年9月15日写给哈里·莱文森(Harry Levinson)的信件]。
1702915632
1702915633 [35] “Dr. Eliot and Mr. Schiff Discuss Ways to Peace,” New York Times,December 20,1914.
1702915634
1702915635 [36] Stoner,S. O. Levinson and the Pact of Paris,14[此处引用了莱文森写给自己的合伙人本杰明·V.贝克尔(Benjamin V. Becker)的信]。
1702915636
1702915637 [37] Salmon O. Levinson,“The Legal Status of War,” The New Republic,March 9,1918,171.
1702915638
1702915639 [38] 他的两个儿子都参加了接下来的战争。参见 SOL,Memo,July 20,1928,box 28 folder 7,SLP UCL。两个男孩都在1917年入伍;在写于1919年的一封信中,莱文森提到,自从“两年多前”应召入伍后,他的两个儿子第一次回家过圣诞节。参见SOL to Knox,December 27,1919,box 54,folder 7,SLP UCL。
1702915640
1702915641 [39] Stoner,S. O. Levinson and the Pact of Paris,21.
1702915642
[ 上一页 ]  [ :1.702915593e+09 ]  [ 下一页 ]