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[78] Havens,Nishi Amane and Modern Japanese Thought,33-39.
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[79] Hackett,“Nishi Amane—A Tokugawa-Meiji Bureaucrat,” 214. 也可参见 Havens,Nishi Amane and Modern Japanese Thought,36。
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[80] Douglas Howland,Translating the West:Language and Political Reason in Nineteenth Century Japan (Honolulu:University of Hawaii Press,2002),124.
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[81] Havens,Nishi Amane and Modern Japanese Thought,42-43.
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[82] Havens,Nishi Amane and Modern Japanese Thought,42.
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[83] Havens,Nishi Amane and Modern Japanese Thought,47-48.
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[84] Havens,Nishi Amane and Modern Japanese Thought,49.
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[85] Havens,Nishi Amane and Modern Japanese Thought,49-50.
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[86] “Students Studying in the Netherlands at the End of the Edo Period,1865,National Diet Library,” http://dl.ndl.go.jp/info:ndljp/pid/3851065(西周在前排,最右边);“Students Studying in the Netherlands at the End of the Edo Period,Japan-Netherlands Exchange in the Edo Period,” http://www.ndl.go.jp/nichiran/e/s2/s2 6.html.
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[87] Havens,Nishi Amane and Modern Japanese Thought,50-56.
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[88] Havens,Nishi Amane and Modern Japanese Thought,42-56. 除了西周的《毕洒林氏万国公法》之外,还有津田真道用荷兰语记录的讲座笔记副本。其标题是《万国公法学》(“Volkenregt”),这份手稿现在收藏在日本国立国会图书馆。参见Takeharu,The Quest for Civilization,194。
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[89] Takeharu,The Quest for Civilization,183.
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[90]BK,Introduction. 他写了两个版本,一个是公众版,另一个是政府版,只有后者存世。参见Thomas R. H. Havens,Nishi Amane and Modern Japanese Thought (Princeton,NJ:Princeton University Press 1970),51。
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[91] Dudden,Japan’s Colonization of Korea,41-42;Rune Svarverud,International Law as World Order in Late Imperial China:Translation,Reception,and Discourse,1847-1911 (Leiden:Brill,2007),98-100. 参见Henry Wheaton,Wanguo gongfa,trans. W. A. P. Martin,reprinted as Bankoku koho (Edo:Kaiseijo,1865);Tsutsumi Koshiji,Bankoku koho yakugi (Kyo [Kyoto]:Zeniya Soshiro,1868);Shigeno Yasutsugu,Wayaku bankoku koho (Kagoshima:Kagoshima han shuppan,1870);and Nakamura Masanao and Takatani Ryushu,Bankoku koho reikan (Tokyofu:Kitabatakemohee,1876). 关于马丁的翻译,参见Rune Svarverud,International Law as World Order in Late Imperial China,87-112。
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[92]BK. 大久保武治(Okubo Takeharu)比较了西周的文本和惠顿的文本,参见Takeharu,The Quest for Civilization,215-23。
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[93] 值得注意的是,由于西周使用了不少自己发明出来的术语,从而使得翻译他的文本具有挑战性。在某些情况下,西周发明的术语广泛流传,但是,在另外一些情况下,他发明的术语没被采用,因此也没有出现于任何现存的字典。我们的翻译卢西亚娜·桑加(Luciana Sanga)在很多情况下不得不根据上下文和词根的含义,重新构造术语的含义。更多关于“汉文训读”的讨论,参见Atsuko Ueda,“Sound,Scripts,and Styles:Kanbun Kundokutai and the National Language Reforms of 1880s Japan,” Review of Japanese Culture and Society,Vol. 20 (2008):133-56。
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[94] “bankoku kōhō”这个术语的字面意思是“万国公法”(“the law of ten-thousand countries”)。这一表述最先用于翻译惠顿的《国际法原理》,西周后来借用了它。
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[95] Howland,Translating the West,64.
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[96] Howland,Translating the West,65;John Peter Stern,The Japanese Interpretation of the “Law of Nations,”1854-1874 (Princeton:Princeton University Press,1979),80-92;Kido Takayoshi,The Diary of Kido Takayoshi,Vol. 1,trans. Sidney Devere Brown and Akiko Hirota (Tokyo:University of Tokyo Press,1983),148.
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[97]BK,Introduction.
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[98]BK,Vol. 1,ch. 1,secs. 11-12.
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[99] “kutsujoku”这个词对应的汉语意思是“屈辱”,英文原文使用的是“伤害”(injury),为保持原文意思,此处翻译为“伤害”。——译者注
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[100] 这个词通常被翻译成“羞辱”。请比较 DJP,3.1。
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[101]BK,Vol. 3,ch. 1,sec. 6.
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[102]BK,Vol. 3,ch. 1,sec. 16.
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