打字猴:1.702916814e+09
1702916814
1702916815 [75] Neutrality Act of 1935,49 Stat. 1081 (1935).
1702916816
1702916817 [76] 10月3日,意大利入侵埃塞俄比亚。10月7日,国联发布《第十三委员会报告》(“Report of the Committee of Thirteen”),宣布意大利为侵略者。参见“Seventh Meeting (Public),Eighty-Ninth Session of the Council,” LNOJ,Vol. 16,No. 11 (November 1935),1217-26。更多关于这场战争以及国联对此反应的详细讨论,参见John H. Spencer,“The Italian-Ethiopian Dispute and the League of Nations,” American Journal of International Law 31,no. 4 (October 1937):614-41。
1702916818
1702916819 [77] Willoughby,The Sino-Japanese Controversy,532.
1702916820
1702916821 [78] Willoughby,The Sino-Japanese Controversy,533.
1702916822
1702916823 [79] M. J. Bonn,“How Sanctions Failed,” Foreign Affairs 15,no. 2 (1937):350-61.也可参见George Baer,Test Case:Italy,Ethiopia,and the League of Nations (Stanford,CA:Hoover Institution Press,1976),Ch. 2。
1702916824
1702916825 [80] League of Nations,The League from Year to Year(1935)(Geneva:League of Nations Information Section,1936),80-81.
1702916826
1702916827 [81] Hugh R. Wilson,Diplomat Between Wars (New York:Longmans,Green and Co.,1941),331. See also Cristiano Andrea Ristuccia,“1935 Sanctions Against Italy:Would Coal and Crude Oil Have Made a Difference?,” European Review of Economic History 4,no. 1 (2000):85-100.
1702916828
1702916829 [82] Cordell Hull,The Memoirs of Cordell Hull,Vol. 1 (New York:Macmillan,1948),418-19.
1702916830
1702916831 [83] Statement by the Secretary of State,September 12,1935,in U.S. Department of State,Peace and War,276.
1702916832
1702916833 [84] Hull,Memoirs,Vol. 1,428-43.
1702916834
1702916835 [85] Hull,Memoirs,Vol. 1,428-31. 更多关于美国金融政策在其中发挥的作用的讨论,参见Gian Giacomo Migone,The United States and Fascist Italy:The Rise of American Finance in Europe,trans. Molly Tambor (Cambridge:Cambridge University Press 2015),287-388。
1702916836
1702916837 [86] “Second Meeting (Private,Then Public),Ninety-Second Session of the Council,” LNOJ,Vol. 17,No. 6 (June 1936),540.
1702916838
1702916839 [87] “Situation in Ethiopia,” LNOJ,Vol. 17,No. 12 (December 1936):1409-10. 也可参见“Situation in Ethiopia,” LNOJ,Vol. 18,Nos. 8-9 (August 1937):658-59。
1702916840
1702916841 [88] “Situation in China,” LNOJ,Vol. 18,Nos. 8-9 (August 1937):653-57. 也可参见Rana Mitter,Forgotten Ally:China’s World War II,1937-1945 (Boston:Houghton Mifflin,2013),80。
1702916842
1702916843 [89] Nos. 8-9 (August 1937):654.
1702916844
1702916845 [90] “Second Meeting (Private,Then Public),” LNOJ,Vol. 19,No. 11 (November 1938):878-80.
1702916846
1702916847 [91] Joseph Cummins,The World’s Bloodiest History:Massacre,Genocide,and the Scars they Left on Civilization (Beverly,MA:Fair Winds Press,2010),149-50. 当时,日本签署并批准了《改善战地武装部队伤者病者境遇之日内瓦公约》(Convention for the Amelioration of the Condition of the Wounded and Sick in Armies in the Field)(日本1929年7月27日签署,1934年12月18日批准);签署但未批准《关于战俘待遇之日内瓦公约》(Convention relative to the Treatment of Prisoners of War)(日本于1929年7月27日签署,但从未批准)。
1702916848
1702916849 [92] 1947年国民政府国防部在《谷寿夫战犯案件判决书》中判定南京大屠杀死亡人数为30万以上;新中国成立后,经过系统且规模巨大的调查研究,向世界宣告中国确认南京大屠杀遇难人数在30万人以上。——译者注。
1702916850
1702916851 [93] Iris Chang,The Rape of Nanking (New York:Basic Books,1997);International Military Tribunal for the Far East,The Tokyo Judgment (Amsterdam:University Press Amsterdam,1977),390.
1702916852
1702916853 [94] “Second Meeting (Private,Then Public),” LNOJ,Vol. 19,No. 2 (February 1938):82.
1702916854
1702916855 [95] Second Meeting (Private,Then Public),” LNOJ,Vol. 19,No. 2 (February 1938):84.
1702916856
1702916857 [96] Hull,Memoirs,Vol. 1:544-49;Dorothy Borg,“Notes on Roosevelt’s ‘Quarantine’ Speech,” Political Science Quarterly 72,no. 3 (September 1957):413.
1702916858
1702916859 [97] Sumner Welles,The Time for Decision (New York:Harper & Brothers,1944),61.
1702916860
1702916861 [98] Address Delivered by President Roosevelt at Chicago,October 5,1937,in U.S. Department of State,Peace and War,383-87.
1702916862
1702916863 [99] Borg,“Notes on Roosevelt’s ‘Quarantine’ Speech,” 426-28.
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