1702916860
1702916861
[98] Address Delivered by President Roosevelt at Chicago,October 5,1937,in U.S. Department of State,Peace and War,383-87.
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1702916863
[99] Borg,“Notes on Roosevelt’s ‘Quarantine’ Speech,” 426-28.
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1702916865
[100] Hull,Memoirs,Vol. 1:545.
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1702916867
[101] Hull,Memoirs,Vol. 1:683-84.
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1702916869
[102] Hull,Memoirs,Vol. 1:684. 罗斯福总统对美国人民的看法更为谨慎。他断言,“相比按照现行法律行事,通过废除禁运,美国更有可能保持和平。我这么说,是因为随着禁运被废除,本届政府将明确且肯定地坚持要求美国公民和美国船只远离实际冲突地区的直接危险”。参见“Address Delivered by President Roosevelt to the Congress,” September 21,1939,in U.S. Department of State,Peace and War:United States Foreign Policy,1931-1941,485-87。
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1702916871
[103] Robert Dallek,Franklin D. Roosevelt and American Foreign Policy,1932-1945 (New York:Oxford University Press,1995),200.
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1702916873
[104] Robert Dallek,Franklin D. Roosevelt and American Foreign Policy,1932-1945 (New York:Oxford University Press,1995),201-2.
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1702916875
[105] Address Delivered by President Roosevelt to the Congress,September 21,1939;“Neutrality Act of 1939,” American Journal of International Law 34,no. 1,Supplement:Official Documents (January 1940):44.
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[106] 此处原文是“seller”(卖方),但是根据1939年美国中立法修正案,美国取消了禁运条款,实行现金购买、运输自理原则。因此,此处应为“buyer”(买方)。——译者注
1702916878
1702916879
[107] Dallek,Franklin D. Roosevelt and American Foreign Policy,209-14;Woodring to Roosevelt,June 20,1940,box 84,President’s Secretary’s File (PSF),Franklin D. Roosevelt Papers,Franklin D. Roosevelt Presidential Library,Hyde Park,NY. 也可参见“An American National Policy That Is Unqualifiedly Pro-American (September 14,1937)”(未签署,但来自伍德林),box 84,President’s Secretary’s File (PSF),Roosevelt Papers(警告说,“导致美国卷入世界大战的影响再次发挥作用”)。
1702916880
1702916881
[108] Keith E. Eiler,Mobilizing America:Robert P. Patterson and the War Effort,1940-1945 (Ithaca,NY:Cornell University Press,1997),37. 这一想法并非完全是临时起意。克拉克和弗兰克福特(Frankfurter)早些时候曾向总统提出任命史汀生的建议。Keith E. Eiler,Mobilizing America:Robert P. Patterson and the War Effort,1940-1945 (Ithaca,NY:Cornell University Press,1997)34-36.
1702916882
1702916883
[109] Franklin D. Roosevelt to Harry H. Woodring,June 19,1940,box 84,President’s Secretary’s File (PSF),Roosevelt Papers.
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1702916885
[110] Woodring to Roosevelt,June 20,1940,box 84,President’s Secretary’s File (PSF),Roosevelt Papers.
1702916886
1702916887
[111] Stimson came into office on July 10,1940,and served until September 21,1945.
1702916888
1702916889
[112] “Senate Hearing Ordered on Stimson’s Nomination,” New York Times,June 22,1940.
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1702916891
[113] “Knox and Stimson Approved in Survey,” New York Times,July 5,1940.
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1702916893
[114] “Roosevelt Move Pleases British,” New York Times,June 21,1940[引自《每日镜报》(Daily Mirror)以及其他英国报纸]。
1702916894
1702916895
[115] Robert H. Jackson,“Opinion on Exchange of Over-Age Destroyers for Naval and Air Bases,” August 27,1940,American Journal of International Law 34,no. 4 (October 1940):728-36.
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1702916897
[116] An Act to Promote the Defense of the United States,Pub.L. 77-11,H.R. 1776,55 Stat. 31(1941年3月11日通过)。
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1702916899
[117] President Franklin Delano Roosevelt,Letter from the President Transmitting Report (June 10,1941),Report to Congress on Lend-Lease Operations (Washington,DC:U.S. Government Printing Office,1941).
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1702916901
[118] Bix,Hirohito and the Making of Modern Japan,400-401.
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1702916903
[119] 偷袭珍珠港之后,日本外务省发布的一份备忘录反映了他们的这种认识。参见Japanese Note to the United States,December 7,1941,Department of State Bulletin,Vol. 5,No. 129 (December 13,1941)[通常被指为“第十四部分电文”(“Fourteen Part Message”)]。也可参见 Bix,Hirohito and the Making of Modern Japan,220-24。
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1702916905
[120] Bix,Hirohito and the Making of Modern Japan,387-437.
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1702916907
[121] Document Handed by the Secretary of State to the Japanese Ambassador (Nomura),November 26,1941,in U.S. Department of State,Peace and War,810.
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1702916909
[122] Bix,Hirohito and the Making of Modern Japan,428-33.
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