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代表们决定采用第三种方案。会议结束时,代表们发表了一份关于建立一个国际组织的协议草案。这份文件几乎包含了后来成为《联合国宪章》的所有内容。但是在本应描述表决规则的一节中,草案简单地写着:“注意——安全理事会的表决程序问题仍在审议中。”[95]
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[1] Sumner Welles,Seven Decisions That Shaped History (New York:Harper & Brothers,1950),123-26;Benjamin Welles,Sumner Welles:FDR’s Global Strategist (New York:St. Martin’s Press,1997),330-31.
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[2] Welles,Seven Decisions That Shaped History,125-26.
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[3] “The Brick Balloon,” Time,August 4,1948,14.
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[4] Sumner Welles,“An Association of Nations,Address at the Laying of the Cornerstone of the New Wing of the Norwegian Legation in Washington,July 22,1941,” in Sumner Welles,The World of The Four Freedoms (New York:Columbia University Press,1943),11-15.
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[5] “American Peace Aims,” New York Times,July 24,1941. 也可参见Welles,Sumner Welles,281。
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[6] “Post-War Aims:World Must Be Guided by Strong League—Views of American,” South China Morning Post,July 24,1941,9.
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[7] “American Peace Aims,” New York Times.《洛杉矶时报》同样称其为“美国政府高级官员至此就美国政府战后目标所发表的最为具体的声明”。“Welles Urges Peace League:Postwar Association of Nations Favored to Guarantee Disarmament,” Los Angeles Times,July 23,1941.
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[8] “Toward a Better World,” St. Louis Post-Dispatch,July 24,1941.
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[9] “Eden Says Britain Supports Welles’Postwar Program,” Chicago Daily Tribune,July 31,1941.
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[10] “Diplomat’s Diplomat,” Time,August 11,1941,11.
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[11] Welles,Sumner Welles,7-25.
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[12] “Diplomat’s Diplomat,” Time,12. 也可参见 James Reston,“Acting Secretary,” New York Times,August 3,1941。
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[13] “Diplomat’s Diplomat,” Time,12(引自布莱尔·博勒斯)。也可参见 Andrei Gromyko,Memories,trans. Harold Shukman (London:Hutchinson,1989),49(“就个性和教育而言,威尔斯具有英国人的特征……威尔斯的一举一动都是经过深思熟虑的”)。
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[14] Welles,Sumner Welles,9,123.十年后,时任海军助理部长的富兰克林·罗斯福促成了萨姆纳从事外交服务的申请。Welles,Sumner Welles,9,123.
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[15] Harold B. Hinton,“Welles:Our Man of the Hour in Cuba,” New York Times,August 20,1933;Welles,Sumner Welles,102-15;“Foreign News:Honduran Strife,” Time,April 21,1924.
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[16] “Diplomat’s Diplomat,” Time,11. 这本书叫《拿伯的葡萄园:多米尼加共和国(1844-1924)》(Naboth’s Vineyard:The Dominican Republic,1844-1924)。
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[17] Welles,Sumner Welles,123.
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[18] Various correspondence between Eleanor Roosevelt,Franklin Delano Roosevelt,and Sumner Welles,1928,box 148,folder 8,SWP FDRL。威尔斯还协助起草了《民主党党纲》(Democratic Platform)。Draft of 1929 Democratic Platform,box 148,folder 8,SWP FDRL. 在一个说明他们是未来竞争对手的早期例子中,科德尔·赫尔(Cordell Hull)将威尔斯(应未来总统的要求)在拉丁美洲问题上起草的部分剔除出了民主党党纲。Welles,Sumner Welles,139.
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[19] Eleanor Roosevelt to Welles,October 29,1928,box 148,folder 8,SWP FDRL.
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[20] Franklin D. Roosevelt,“First Inaugural Address” (March 4,1933).
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[21] Franklin D. Roosevelt,“Address Before the Woodrow Wilson Foundation,” December 28,1933,online by Gerhard Peters and John T. Woolley,The American Presidency Project,http://www. presidency.ucsb.edu/ws/?pid= 14593.在1933年12月的蒙得维的亚会议上,赫尔代表美国支持一项西半球大多数国家赞成的宣言:“任何国家都无权干涉别国的内政或外交事务。”此后不久,威尔斯促成了《普拉特修正案》(Platt Amendment)的废除,该修正案是美国军事干预西半球的象征。“Diplomat’s Diplomat,” Time.
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[22] 根据记录罗斯福总统日常活动的档案资料,搜索“Sumner Welles”后在白宫日志中产生了400条条目,包括白宫招待员日志和白宫速记员日记。参见“Franklin D. Roosevelt Day by Day,” http://www. fdrlibrary.marist.edu/daybyday/。
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[23] “Toward a Better World,” St. Louis Post Dispatch.
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[24] Sumner Welles,Where Are We Heading? (New York:Harper & Brothers,1946),4.
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