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[55] Wright，The Looming Tower，37.
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[56] Wright，The Looming Tower，37.引用Ayman al-Zawahiri，“Knights Under the Prophet’s Banner，” in Laura Mansfield，His Own Words：Translation and Analysis of the Writings of Dr. Ayman Al Zawahiri （Lulu.com，2006）。
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[57] Wright，The Looming Tower，78-79.
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[58] Qutb，Milestones，47.
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[59] Qutb，Milestones，59.
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[60] Qutb，Milestones，65.
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[61] Qutb，Milestones，56.
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[62] Qutb，Milestones，160.
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[63] Qutb，Milestones，126.
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[64] Joshua Eaton，“U.S. Military Now Says ISIS Leader Was Held in Notorious Abu Ghraib Prison，” The Intercept，August 25，2016，https：//theintercept.com/2016/08/25/u-s-military-now-says-isis-leader-was-held-in-notorious-abu-ghraib-prison/.
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[65] Ed Husain，“How ‘Caliph’ Baghdadi Aimed His Sermon at the Muslim Devout，” The Telegraph，July 18，2014，http：//www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/middleeast/iraq/10975807/How-Caliph-Baghdadi-aimed-his-sermon-at-the-Muslim-devout.html#disqus _thread.
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[66] “ISIS Abu Bakr al-Baghdadi First Friday Semon as So-Called ‘Caliph，’” Al Arabiya News Reports，July 5，2014，http：//english.alarabiya.net/en/webtv/reports/2014/07/07/ISIS-Abu-Bakr-al-Baghdidi-first-Friday-sermon-as-so-called-Caliph-.html.
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[67] Abū Bakr al-Baghdādī，“A Message to the Mujahidin and the Muslim Ummah in the Month of Ramadan，” http：//www.gatestoneinstitute.org/documents/baghdadi-caliph.pdf.
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[68] Abū Bakr al-Baghdādī，“A Message to the Mujahidin and the Muslim Ummah in the Month of Ramadan，” http：//www.gatestoneinstitute.org/documents/baghdadi-caliph.pdf.
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[69] Ashley Kirk，“Iraq and Syria：How Many Foreign Fighters Are Fighting for ISIL？，” The Telegraph，August 12，2015；Eric Schmitt and Somini Sengupta，“Thousands Enter Syria to Join ISIS Despite Global Efforts，” New York Times，September 26，2015；“Islamic State Group：Crisis in Seven Charts，” BBC News，2016年6月13日访问，参见http：//www.bbc.com/news/world-middle-east-27838034；“ISIS Sanctuary Map：May 25，2016，” Institute for the Study of War，2016年6月13日访问，参见http：//www.understandingwar.org/backgrounder/isis-sanctuary-map-may-25-2016。
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[70] Karen Yourish，Derek Watkins，and Tom Giratikanon，“Recent Attacks Demonstrate Islamic State’s Ability to Both Inspire and Coordinate Terror，” New York Times，December 7，2015.
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[71] “Islamic States 43 Global Affiliates：Interactive World Map，” IntelCenter，December 15，2015，http：//intelcenter.com/maps/is-affiliates-map.html#gs.1B wx8RE.
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[72] Nathaniel Zelinsky，“ISIS Sends a Message：What Gestures Say About Today’s Middle East，” Foreign Affairs，September 3，2014.
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[73] Qutb，Milestones，75.
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[74] “The Islamic State Announces Its Own Currency，” Insite Blog on Terrorism & Extremism，November 13，2014，http：//news.siteintelgroup.com/blog/index.php/entry/311-the-islamic-state-announces-its-own-currency.
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[75] Mara Revkin，“The Judicial Construction of Citizenship in the Islamic State：Evidence from Iraq and Syria，” Yale Law School Middle East Legal Studies Seminar paper.
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[76] Bruce Lawrence，ed.，Messages to the World. The Statements of Osama bin Laden （New York：Verso，2005），14.
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[77] Greg Miller and Julie Tate，“Osama bin Laden Warned Against Almost Every Aspect of Islamic State Playbook，” Washington Post，March 1，2016. 一个附属组织——伊斯兰马格里布的“基地”组织（Al Qaeda in the Islamic Maghreb）——也认为，宣布建立哈里发国为时过早。Thomas Joscelyn，“AQIM Rejects Islamic State’s Caliphate，Reaffirms Allegiance to Zawahiri，” Long War Journal （July 14，2014），http：//www.longwarjournal.org/archives/2014/07/aqim _rejects _islamic.php.
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