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8.米勒认为核武器不是发达国家之间没有爆发大战的主要原因,这一看法对吗?他认为的其他原因是什么?
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9.从道义上说核威慑是防御性的吗?或者用一个理论家的话来说,它是否在道义上类似于把婴儿绑在汽车前面的保险杠上以防止在追思节(Memorial Day)发生交通事故?是否有的威慑战略比其他的威慑战略更符合道义?
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10.除了核威慑,核武器同国际关系还有什么样的关系?它们有多大的用处?
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11.冷战为什么结束?硬权力和软权力扮演了什么角色?
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[1] Milovan Djilas, Conversations with Stalin, trans. Michael B. Petrovich (San Diego: Harcourt Brace Jovanovich.1962),p.114.
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[2] Ralph B. Levering,The Cold War, 1945—1972(Arlington Heights, IL: Harlan Davidson, 1982), p. 15.
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[3] William Taubman, Stalin’s American Policy (New York: Norton, 1982), p.36.
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[4] John Lewis Gaddis, We Now Know: Rethinking Cold War History (Oxford: Oxford University Press. 1997), pp.23—24.
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[5] Ibid., p. 24.
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[6] Dean Acheson,Present at the Creation(New York: Norton,1969), p.375.
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[7] George Kennan,“The Sources of Soviet Conduct,” Foreign Affairs 25:4 (July 1947), p.581.
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[8] Irving Howe and Michael Waltzer,“Were We Wrong About Vietnam?” The New Republic, August 18, 1979, p.18.
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[9] John L. Gaddis,“The New Cold War History,” Foreign Policy Institute Footnotes 5:5(June, 1998).
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[10] The United States Catholic Conference,“The Challenge of Peace: God‘s Promise and Our Response,” Origins 13:l(May 19, 1983), p. 1.
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[11] 引自 The New York Times,April 30,1985,p.6。
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[12] Stephen E. Ambrose, Eisenhower (New York: Simon & Schuster, 1983), p.184.
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[13] Ernest R. May and Philip D. Zelikow, eds., The Kennedy Tapes: Inside the White House During the Cuban Missile Crisis (Cambridge, MA: Belknap & Harvard University Press, 1997), p. 1.
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[14] 中央情报局在1961年获得的情报表明,苏联人拥有10—25枚洲际弹道导弹(ICBM)。参见 Jeffrey Richelson,CM’s Directorate of Science and Technology (Boulder, CO: Westview Press, 2001), p.28。
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[15] 在危机髙潮阶段发生了一些令人清醒的事件。在美国方面有:一架间谍飞机意外闯入苏联领空;一枚”大力神”洲际弹道导弹根据预先计划好的飞行—试验程序在加利福尼亚州发射;蒙大拿州的一个”民兵”洲际弹道导弹执勤小组用电线短路法启动发射控制系统;一盘训练用的录音带被错误地输入新泽西州的雷达监视器中,显示苏联正发动导弹攻击。在苏联方面有:一位潜艇指挥官误以为战争已经爆发,下令装载和发射核鱼雷(这一行动被潜艇上一位头脑比较冷静的政治指挥官制止);违反军令击落一架飞越古巴上空的美国间谍飞机。参见Don Munton and David A. Welch, The Cuban Missile Crisis: A Concise History, 2nd ed. (New York: Oxford University Press, 2011), pp.99—100;也可参见Michael Dobbs, One Minute to Midnight : Kennedy, Khrushchev, and Castro on the Brink of Nuclear War (New York: Knopf, 2008), passim。
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[16] May and Zelikow, The Kennedy Tapes, p.299.
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[17] James Blight and David Welch, On the Brink: Americans and Soviets Reexamine the Cuban Missile (New York: Hill and Wang, 1989), p.80.
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[18] Robert McNamara, Blundering into Disaster: Surviving the First Century of the Nuclear Age (NQV/ York: Pantheon, 1986), p.14.
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[19] Theodore C. Sorensen, Kennedy (New York: Harper & Row, 1965), p.705.
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