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(64) Kenneth Thompson, Masters of International Thought—Major Twentieth-Century Theorists and the World Crisis, Louisiana State University Press, 1980, p. ix．
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(65) Kenneth Thompson, Masters of International Thought—Major Twentieth-Century Theorists and the World Crisis, Louisiana State University Press, 1980, p. ix．
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(66) E．H．Carr, Twenty Years’ Crisis (1919—1939), Haper ＆ Row, 1964, pp. 21—64, p. 102．
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(67) Stanley Hoffmann, “An American Social Sience: International Relations”, Daedalus, Summer 1977．
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(68) Nicholas Spykman, America’s Strategy in World Politics, Harcourt Brace, 1942, p. 7．
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(69) Steve Smith, International Relations—British and American Perspectives, Basil Blackwell Ltd．, 1985, p. 11．
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(70) Joseph Nye, “Neorealism and Neoliberalism”, World Politics, January 1988．
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(71) David Baldwin, Neorealism and Neoliberalism: the Contemporary Debate, Columbia University Press, 1993, p. 13．
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(72) James Dougherty and Robert Pfaltzgraff, Jr, Contending Theories of International Relations, Longman, 1997, 4th Edi．, pp. 87—88．
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(73) 同上书, 第85页。
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(74) John Mearsheimer, “The False Promise of International Institutions”, International Security, Winter 1994/1995．
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(75) Alexander Wendt, “Anarchy Is What States Make of It: the Social Construction of Power Politics”, International Organization, Spring 1992; “Collective Identity Formation and the International State”, American Political Science Review, No．2, 1994．
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(76) James Dougherty and Robert Pfaltzgraff, Jr, Contending Theories of International Relations, Longman, 1997, 4th Edi．, p. 62．
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(77) Joseph Nye, “Neorealism and Neoliberalism”, World Politics, January 1988．
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(78) Joseph Nye, Understanding International Conflicts—An Introduction to Theory and History, Harper Collins College Publisher, 1993, p. 5, p. 195．
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当代西方国际关系理论 第二章 第一次论战——理想主义与现实主义
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理想和现实构成了政治学的两个方面。健全的政治思想和健全的政治生活只存在于理想和现实这两个方面皆有的地方。
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E·H·卡尔：《二十年危机（1919—1939）：国际关系研究导论》
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现代政治思想史是关于人、社会和政治的本质的概念上存在根本分歧的两个学派之间争辩的历史。
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一个学派（理想主义）相信，从普遍有效的抽象原则获得的理性和道义的政治秩序此时此地就能够实现。它假定人类本性善良，并具有无限的适应性……另一个学派（现实主义）则认为，从理性观点看现实，世界是不完善的，它是人类本性中固有因素发生作用的结果。要改善世界，人们必须利用这些力量，而不是排斥这些力量。在这样一个存在着利益冲突的世界上，道德原则从来不可能完全得以实现。
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汉斯·摩根索：《国家间政治——为权力与和平而斗争》
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