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十多年前，约瑟夫·奈尖锐地指出，新现实主义与新自由主义之间的分歧“被夸大了，事实上，这两种研究方法是能够互补的”(92)。他还说：“现在已到了超越国际政治中传统的现实主义与自由主义分野的时候了，两个传统学派均对帮助人们了解国际行为的理论研究作出了贡献。20世纪90年代，国际关系理论研究工作也许是综合，而不是仅仅重复70、80年代两个学派的争论。”(93)在持续了二十余年的争论后，处于世纪之交的新现实主义与新自由主义必将以新的面貌出现。无论今天的新现实主义与新自由主义是在继续着第三次论战，还是正在揭开第四次论战的序幕，可以肯定的一点是，它们的观点在一定程度上得到了综合。随着知识经济时代的到来，完善新现实主义与新自由主义的理论努力将会继续下去。
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(1) Richard Little, “Structuralism and Neorealism”, in Margot Light and A. J. R Groom, International Relations—A Handbook of Current Theory, 1985, p. 74.
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(2) Stanley Hoffmann, “Realism and Its Discontents”, The Atlantic Monthly, November 1985.
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(3) James Dougherty and Robert Pfaltzgraff, Jr. , Contending Theories of International Relations, Longman Publishing Company, 1982, p. 552.
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(4) Kenneth Booth and Steve Smith, International Relations Today, 1995, p. 264.
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(5) Joseph Nye, “Neorealism and Neoliberalism”, World Politics, No. 1, 1988.
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(6) Robert Keohane, Neorealism and Its Critics, Columbia University Press, 1986, p. 16.
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(7) Robert Keohane, Neorealism and Its Critics, Columbia University Press, 1986, p. 9.
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(8) 1988年10月19日，霍夫曼与笔者的谈话纪要。
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(9) Kenneth Waltz, “Realist Thought and Neorealist Theory”, Journal of International Affairs, Spring 1990.
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(10) James Dougherty and Robert Pfaltzgraff, Jr. , Contending Theories of International Relations, Longman Publishing Company, 1997, p. 81.
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(11) Hans Morgenthau, Politics Among Nations, 1972 edition, p. 3.
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(12) Kenneth Waltz, “Realist Thought and Neorealist Theory”, Journal of International Affairs, Spring 1990.
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(13) Richard Feinberg, The Intemperate Zone—The Third World Challenge to US Foreign Policy, W. W. Norton and Company, 1983, pp. 22—25.
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(14) “Symposium on Neorealism”, International Organization, Spring 1984.
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(15) Robert Keohane, Neorealism and Its Critics, Columbia University Press, 1986, pp. 6—7.
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(16) 同上书，第17页。
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(17) 同上书，第150页。
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(18) 同上书，第151页。
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(19) Richard Ashley, “Poverty of Neorealism”, International Organization, Spring 1984.
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(20) Robert Keohane, Neorealism and Its Critics, Columbia University Press, 1986, p. 152.
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(21) 同上书，第169页。
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(22) 同上书，第159和18页。
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(23) 同上书，第243页。
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(24) Robert Keohane, Neorealism and Its Critics, Columbia University Press, 1986, p. 322.
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