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6．关于国际关系理论的未来趋势，学者们认为应把握三个侧重点：现实主义关于权力作用的分析，自由主义关于国内因素对国际关系的影响的分析和建构主义关于社会变化的分析。可能会出现一种明显的汇合互补的趋势，使现实主义仍将是“理解国际关系的一个基本框架”(119)。曾在英国牛津大学和加拿大麦考尔大学攻读政治学，现任美国麻省大学政治学教授的詹姆斯·德林曾作过一段充斥调侃但令人回味的表述，特录以备忘，作为本章的结尾。德林写道，未来的国际关系理论领域将出现“多枝型的现实主义”（a multiplicity of realism）：“历史的、社会的、哲学的、政治经济的、艺术的、戏剧的、文学的、法律的现实主义；马基雅维利式的、霍布斯式的、罗素式的、黑格尔式的、韦伯式的、基辛格式的现实主义；乐观主义的、悲观主义的、宿命论的现实主义；幼稚的、庸俗的、神奇的现实主义；技术的、实践的、实证的现实主义；传统的、科学的现实主义；结构的、结构-理性主义的、后结构现实主义；极小化的、极大化的、基础的、潜在的现实主义；实证主义的、后实证主义的、自由的、新自由的、制度的、激进的、解释性的现实主义；批判的、核心的、认识论的现实主义；超级的现实主义、新现实主义、反现实主义、后现实主义，等等。”(120)
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(1) Richard Ashley, “The Poverty of Realism”, International Organization, Spring 1984.
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(2) Michael Banks, “The Inter-paradigm Debate”, in Margot Light and AJR Groom, International Relations—A Handbook of Current Theory, Frances Printer (Publishers) Ltd. , 1985, p. 9 and p. 11.
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(3) Ken Booth and Steve Smith, International Relations Theory Today, Cambridge University Press, 1995, pp. 294—297.
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(4) Paul Viotti and Mark Kauppi, International Relations Theory—Realism, Pluralism and Globalism, MacMillan Publishing Company, 1987, pp. 11—14.
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(5) Steve Smith, Kenneth Booth and Marysia Zalemski (eds. ), International Relations—Positivism and Beyond, Cambridge University Press, 1996, p. 153.
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(6) Ole Wæver, “The Rise and Fall of the Inter-paradigm Debate”, ibid, pp. 163—164.
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(7) 恩格斯：《自然辩证法》，《马克思恩格斯全集》第20卷，第283页。
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(8) James Dougherty and Robert Pfaltzgraff, Jr. , Contending Theories of International Relations, p. 5.
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(9) Paul Schroeder, International Security, Vol. 19, No. 1, Summer 1994.
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(10) Stephen Rock, Why Peace Breaks out: Great Power Rapproachement in Historical Perspective, University of North Carolina Press, 1989, pp. 149—159.
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(11) Francis Fukuyama, “The End of History”, National Interest, Summer 1989.
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(12) John Lewis Gaddis, “International Relations Theory and the End of the Cold War”, International Security, Vol. 17, No. 3, Winter 1992/1993, 1992年; 牛津大学出版社出版了他的专著《美国与冷战的结束》 (The U. S. and the End of the Cold War) 。
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(13) William Wohlforth, “Realism and the End of the Cold War”, International Security, Vol. 19, No. 3, Winter 1994/1995; “Revising Theories of International Politics in Response to the End of the Cold War”, World Politics 50, July 1998.
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(14) John Mearsheimer, “The False Promise of International Institutionalism”, International Security, Vol. 19, No. 3, Winter 1994/1995.
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(15) David Baldwin (ed. ), Neorealism and Neoliberalism, p. 271.
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(16) John Mearsheimer, “The False Promise of International Institutionalism”, International Security, Vol. 19, No. 3, Winter 1994/1995.
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(17) 同上。
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(18) 同上。
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(19) 同上。
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(20) John Mearsheimer, “The False Promise of International Institutionalism”, International Security, Vol. 19, No. 3, Winter 1994/1995.
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(21) 同上。
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(22) 同上。
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(23) Alexander Wendt, “The Agent-structure Problem in International Relations Theory”, International Organization, Vol. 41, No. 3, Summer 1987.
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(24) John Mearsheimer, “A Realist Reply”, International Security, Vol. 20, No. 1, Summer 1995.
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