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(108) Iver Neumann and Ole Wæver (eds. ), The Future of International Relations, Routledge, 1997, pp. 15—25.
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(109) Barry Buzan, “From International System to International Society”, International Organization 47 (3), 1993.
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(110) John Ruggie and Friedrich Kratochwil, “International Organization”, International Organization 40 (4), 1986.
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(111) Alexander Wendt and Raymond Davall, “Institutions and International Order”, Ernst-Otto Czempid, James Rosenau (eds. ), in Global Changes and Theoretical Challenges (ed. ), Lexington Books, 1989, pp. 51—73.
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(112) Johan Galtung, “A Structural Theory of Imperialism”, in John Vasquez (ed. ), Classics of International Relations, Prontice Hall, 1996, pp. 265—273.
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(113) Johan Galtung, “Nonterritorial Actors and the Problem of Peace”, in Saul Mendlovitz (ed. ), On the Creation of a Just World Order, Free Press, 1975, pp. 151—188.
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(114) Johan Galtung, The True World: A Transnational Perspective, Free Press, 1980.
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(115) Johan Galtung, “The Shape of Things to Be”, in Joseph Kruzel and James Rosenau (eds. ), Journeys Through World Politics: Autobiographical Reflections of Thirty-Four Academic Travelers Lexington Books, 1989, pp. 165—178.
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(116) 参见Ole Wæver, “Figures of International Thought”, in Iver Neumann and Ole Wæver (eds. ), The Future of International Relations, Routledge, 1997, pp. 1—37.
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(117) Peter Katzenstein, Robert Keohane and Sephen Krasner (eds. ), Exploration and Contestation in the Study of World Politics, MIT Press, 1999, p. 335, p337, p339.
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(118) Venduika Kubalkova, Nicholas Onuf and Paul Kowart, International Relations in a Constructed World, M. E. Shapre Inc. , 1998, p. 193.
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(119) Stephen Walf, “International Relations, One World, Many Theories”, Foreign Policy, Sping 1998.
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(120) James Derian (ed. ), International Theory—Critical Investigations, MacMillan Press Ltd. , 1995, p. 1.
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当代西方国际关系理论 第六章 国际关系基础理论（Ⅰ）
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历史是过去的政治，理论的实质是历史。
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——雷蒙·阿隆：《和平与战争》
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理论总是为了一定的人们，为了一定的目的。所有的理论都有自己的视角，各种视角来源于时间和空间（尤其是社会和政治的时间和空间）的位置。
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——罗伯特·考克斯：《社会力量、国家和世界秩序：超越国际关系理论》
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当代西方国际关系理论 第一节 国家利益论
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一、国家利益概念的形成和发展
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国家利益概念是在欧洲最早的民族国家形成之后才出现的。它的出现是民族国家在形成过程中和神圣罗马帝国以及教皇权威较量的结果。在16世纪，随着教皇权威的下降和神圣罗马帝国的衰弱，欧洲统一的观念受到了挑战。在这样的背景下，在欧洲逐渐形成民族国家需要某种原则作为它们独立于神圣罗马帝国、反对正统观念的理论基础。由此，法国的黎塞留主教首先提出了国家至上的理论，为法国独立于神圣罗马帝国提供了理论依据。
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