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[29]Dan Friedman, “Twitter Stepping Up Suspensions of ISISAffiliated Accounts: Experts,”New York Daily News, August 17, 2014 （www.nydailynews.com/news/world/twitterstepping-suspensions-isis-affiliated-accounts-experts-article-1.1906193）.
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[30]Lorenzo Francheschi-Bicchierai, “Russia’s Facebook Cracks Down on ISIS Accounts,”Mashable,September 12, 2014 （http://mashable. com/2014/09/12/isis-islamic-statevkontakte-russia/#
:eyJzIjoidCIsImkiOiJfcHc2NHByOHE4OHdk NzQybiJ9）.
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1702939004
[31]Nico Prucja and Ali Fisher, “Is This the Most Successful Release of a Jihadist Video Ever?”Jihadica （blog）, May 19, 2014 （www.jihadica.com/is-this-the-most-successfulrelease-of-a-jihadist-video-ever/）.
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[32]J. M. Berger, “How ISIS Games Twitter,”TheAtlantic, June 16, 2014 （www.theatlantic.com/international/archive/2014/06/isis-iraq-twitter-social-media-strategy/372856/）.
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1702939008
[33]Cahal Milmo, “ISIS Jihadists Using World Cup and Premier League Hashtags to Promote Propaganda on Twitter,” TheIndependent, June 22, 2014 （www.independent.co.uk/news/world/middle-east/iraq-crisis-exclusive-isis-jihadistsusing-world-cup-and-premier-league-hashtags-to-promoteextremist-propaganda-on-twitter-9555167.html）.
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[34]Michael W. S. Ryan, “Dabiq: What Islamic State’s New Magazine Tells Us about Their Strategic Direction, Recruitment Patterns, and Guerilla Doctrine,”Jamestown Foundation, August 1, 2014 （www.jamestown.org/programs/tm/single/?tx_ttnews[tt_news]=42702&cHash=0efbd71af77fb92c064b9403 dc8ea838#.U9yARFYpTRp）.
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1702939012
[35]Greg Miller, “Fighters Abandoning al-Qaeda Affiliates to Join Islamic State, U.S. Officials Say,”Washington Post, August 9, 2014 （www.washingtonpost.com/world/national-security/fighters-abandoning-al-qaeda-affiliates-to-join-islamicstate-us-officials-say/2014/08/09/c5321d10-1f08-11e4-ae540cfe1f974f8a_story.html）.
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1702939014
[36]Daveed Gartenstein-Ross and Amichai Magen, “The Jihadist Governance Dilemma,”Washington Post, July 18, 2014 （www.washingtonpost.com/blogs/monkey-cage/wp/2014/07/18/thejihadist-governance-dilemma/）.
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[37]Goha’s Nail [pseud.], “Manbij and the Islamic State’s Public Administration,” Jihadology（blog）, August 22, 2014 （http://jihadology.net/2014/08/27/guest-post-manbij-andthe-islamic-states-public-administration/）.
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1702939018
[38]Jenan Moussa, Twitter post, June 12, 2014 （https://twitter.com/jenanmoussa/status/477042935821631490/photo/1）.
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[39]例如，参见“伊斯兰国”2014年2月下旬在拉卡颁布的齐米协定（http://justpaste.it/ejur）。
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1702939022
[40]“Convert, Pay Tax, or Die, Islamic State Warns Christians,” Reuters, July 18, 2014 （www.theguardian.com/world/2014/jul/18/isis-islamic-state-issue-ultimatum-to-iraqchristians）.
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[41]Cathy Otten, “Last Remaining Christians Flee Iraq’s Mosul,”Al Jazeera, July 22, 2014 （www.aljazeera.com/news/middleeast/2014/07/last-remaining-christians-flee-iraqmosul-201472118235739663.html）.
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[42]“The Revival of Slavery: Before the Hour,”Dabiq, issue 4, October 2014 （https://ia601403.us.archive.org/0/items/Dabiq04En/Dabiq_04_en.pdf）.
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1702939028
[43]“Al-Qaeda in Iraq Alienated by Cucumber Laws and Brutality,”The Telegraph, August 11, 2008 （www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/middleeast/iraq/2538545/Al-Qaeda-inIraq-alienated-by-cucumber-laws-and-brutality.html）.
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1702939030
[44]Hassan Hassan, “Islamic State in Syria, Back with a Vengeance,”Sada, July 14 2014 (http://carnegieendowment.org/sada/2014/07/14/islamic-state-in-syria-back-withvengeance/hfto.
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[45]Jenna Lefler, “Life under ISIS in Mosul” （Washington: Institute for the Study of War, July 29 2014） （http://iswiraq.blogspot.com/2014/07/life-under-isis-in-mosul.html）.
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1702939034
[46]Aaron Zelin, “The Islamic State of Iraq and Syria Has a Consumer Protection Office,”The Atlantic, June 13, 2014 （www.theatlantic.com/international/archive/2014/06/the-isisguide-to-building-an-islamic-state/372769/）.
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1702939036
[47]“IS Instills Its Own Curriculum in A-Raqqa Schools,”SyriaDirect, September 3, 2014 （http://syriadirect.org/main/37videos/1537-is-instills-ts-own-curriculum-in-a-raqqaschools; Sinan Salaheddin and Vivian Salama, “Islamic State Group Issues New Curriculum in Iraq,” Associated Press, September 15, 2014 (http://bigstory.ap.org/article/islamicstate-group-issues-new-curriculum-iraq）.
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[48]作者对阿布·杜贾纳所做的访谈。
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第三章
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[1]Kristina Wong, “ISIS Now ‘Full-Blown Army,’ Officials Warn,”The Hill, July 23, 2014 （http://thehill.com/policy/defense/213117-us-officials-warn-isis-worse-than-al-qaeda）.
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[2]“伊斯兰国”首期官方英文杂志《达比格》中的概述。参见“A l-Ha yā t Me dia Cen t er P re sen t s a Ne w I s sue o f t he I s la mi c Sta te’ s Ma ga zine: ‘D ā bi q #1,’” Ji ha do lo g y （ b lo g）, Ju l y 5, 2014 （http://jihadology.net/2014/07/05/al-hayat-mediacenter-presents-a-new-issue-of-the-islamic-states-magazinedabiq-1/）。
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[3]Ishaan Tharoor, “A U.S.-Designated Terrorist Group Is Saving Yazidis and Battling the Islamic State,” Washington Post, August 11, 2014 （www.washingtonpost.com/blogs/worldviews/wp/2014/08/11/a-u-s-designated-terrorist-group-is-savingyazidis-and-battling-the-islamic-state/）.
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[4]例如，“New Combatants Joined the Islamic State” （Coventry, United Kingdom: Syrian Observatory for Human Rights, September 26, 2014） （http://syriahr.com/en/2014/09/newcombatants-joined-the-islamic-state/）。
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