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[23]King,George Goodwin,102-103.
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[24]A Handbook for the Traveller in Kent and Sussex,196.
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[25]Black and White,29 August ,12 September 1891.
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[26]Ritvo,227.
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[27]ILN,26 July 1890.
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[28]Work and Leisure,passim.
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[29]Consumer Expenditure…1900 to 1919,161.
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[30]Ibid.
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[31]Killingray,67-69.
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[32]Golf,5 June 1891.
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[33]Motor,22 August 1905.
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[34]Economist,13 April 1912.
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[35]Spectator,11 June 1904.
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[36]Motor Cycling and Motor,12 November 1902.
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[37]Buffalo Review and Lodge Report er,1 August 1881.
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[38]Lee,6.
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[39]Spectator,6 August 1892.
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[40]ILN,13 August 1881.
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[41]ILN,3 June 1893.
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[42]GL,Ms 19,019,16,18 November 1852.
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[43]GL,Ms 15,819.
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中产阶级史 第十章 俗人:中产阶级文化
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马修·阿诺德在其随笔《文化与无政府状态》(1869)中给中产阶级贴上了“俗人”这枚著名的标签。俗人的特征是,思维狭隘、刚愎自用、贪婪且在艺术和建筑方面缺乏审美能力。俗人之上是贵族,阿诺德给他们贴的标签是“野蛮人”,这个阶级的特征是耍派头、放纵激情而且和本阶层之外的社会脱节。俗人之下是“平常人”,他们和野蛮人一样不在拯救之列。阿诺德对俗人还抱有一些希望,若是他们肯抛弃唯物论而接纳古希腊的美德,那他们的审美观还有得救。因为他相信,“经过希腊文化荡涤的人生,会带上一种悠闲、清朗和光辉的氛围;这样的生活将充满甜蜜与光明”。
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