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⑩ 阿米塔夫·阿查亚(Amitav Acharya):美国著名学者,国际关系建构主义学派领导人物。——译者注
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⑪ 诺姆·乔姆斯基(Avram Noam Chomsky):美国麻省理工学院教授,对当代政治格局提出许多中肯批评。——译者注
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[1] Lester Thurow,The Zero Sum Solution(New York
:Simon&Schuster,1985),p.67.
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[2] Kenneth Waltz,cited in Nuno P.Monteiro,Theory of Unipolar Politics(New York
:Cambridge University Press,2014),p.29.
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[3] Herbert Block,The Planetary Product in1980(Washington,DC
:Department of State,1981),p.74;Simon Kuznets,Economic Growth and Structure(New York
:W.W.Norton,1965),p.144.
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[4] Chris Giles,“China to overtake US as top economic power this year,“Financial Times,April30,2014.
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[5] “Balance of power”is used to refer both to the distribution of power resources-military,economic,soft-among states,and to the policy of states acting to prevent any one country becoming so powerful as to pose a threat to the independence of others.
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[6] Michael Lind,“The American Century is over
:How our country went down in a blaze of shame,“Salon,July12,2014.
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[8] Charles Kupchan,No-One’s World
:The West,the Rising Rest,and the Coming Global Turn(New York
:Oxford University Press,2012),p.84.
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[9] See Paul Kennedy,The Rise and Fall of the Great Powers
:Economic Change and Military Conflict Among the Great Powers from1500to2000(New York
:Random House,1987),pp.154,203.See also Bruce Russett,“The mysterious case of vanishing hegemony,“International Organization39,Spring1985,p.212.
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[10] Corelli Barnett,The Collapse of British Power(Atlantic Highlands,NJ
:Humanities Press International,1986),p.72.
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[11] Richard Ned Lebow and Benjamin Valentino,“Lost in transition:A critical analysis of power transition theory,“International Relations23/2,2009,p.389.
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[12] G.John Ikenberry,Liberal Order and Imperial Ambition(Cambridge
:Polity,2006)p.14.
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[13] Robert O.Keohane,After Hegemony
:Cooperation and Discord in the World Political Economy(Princeton
:Princeton University Press,1984).
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[14] Amitav Acharya,The End of American World Order(Cambridge
:Polity,2014).
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[16] Acharya,The End of American World Order,p.11.
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[17] Noam Chomsky,“Losing the world
:American decline in perspective,part1,“Guardian,February14,2012.
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美国世纪结束了吗? 第二章 美国在衰落吗?
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相信美国将永远握有世界实力的主导份额是违背常理和历史的。但是,一个国家的生命周期是什么?政治实体是一种社会结构,它没有明确的寿命,不像人类的肌体,一般来说一个世纪是极限(尽管科学终将多少延续这个极限)。当你看着一个人时,通常可以判断他是否在衰老,尽管这取决于你专注于哪项功能。例如,运动技能相对于精神敏锐。关于国家的数据是难以测量的,而时间的跨度可能更长。罗马在公元117年达到了鼎盛,而西罗马帝国直到大约三个半世纪后才崩溃,东罗马帝国则一直持续到了1453年。
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