打字猴:1.702965605e+09
1702965605 [4] Randall Schweller,‘Emerging powers in an age of disorder,“Global Governance17,2011,p.286.See also Charles Kupchan,No-One’s World:The West the Rising Rest,and the Coming Global Turn(New York:Oxford University Press,2012).
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1702965607 [5] Office of the Director of National Intelligence,Global Trends2030:Alternative Worlds(Washington,DC,2012).
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1702965609 [6] Robert Kagan,The World America Made(New York:Knopf,2012),p.105.
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1702965611 [7] International Monetary Fund,World Economic Outlook Database,April2012(Washington,DC:IMF,2013).
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1702965613 [8] Jim O’Neill and Alessio Terzi,“Changing trade patterns,unchanging European and global governance,“Brussels,Bruegel Working Paper,February2014,p.3.
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1702965615 [9] See Peter Zeihan,The Accidental Superpower:The Next Generation of American Pre-eminence and the Coming Global Disorder(New York:Hachette,2014).
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1702965617 [10] Jonathan Kirshner,American Power After the Financial Crisis(Ithaca:Cornell University Press,2014),p.143.
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1702965619 [11] Michael Mandelbaum,The Case for Goliath(New York:Public Affairs,2005),p.226.
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1702965621 [12] Robert O.Keohane and Joseph S.Nye,“Between centralization and fragmentation:The club model of multilateral cooperation and problems of democratic legitimacy,“John F.Kennedy School of Government,Harvard University,Faculty Research Working Paper Series,RWP01-004(February2001).
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1702965623 [13] See J.S.Nye,“Maintaining the non-proliferation regime,“International Organization,Winter1981,pp.15-38.
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1702965625 [14] “Market value of the largest internet companies worldwide as of May2013,“Statista;available at:http://www.statista.com/statistics/277483/market value-of-the-largest-internet-companies-worldwide/.Note:Yahoo and Yahoo-Japan have been treated as one entity for the purposes of company rankings.
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1702965627 [15] Jonathan Zittrain,“No Barack Obama isn’t handing control of the internet over to China,“The New Republic224,March24,2014.
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1702965629 [16] Richard J.Danzig,Surviving on a Diet of Poisoned Fruit:Reducing the National Security Risks of America’s Cyber Dependencies(Washington,DC:Center for New American Security,2014),p.25.
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1702965631 [17] Moises Naim,The End of Power(New York:Basic Books,2013),p.52.
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1702965633 [18] Quoted in Nathan Gardels,“Governance after the end of power,“New Perspectives Quarterly,Summer2013,p.4.
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1702965635 [19] David Brooks,“The leaderless doctrine,“New York Times,March14,2014.
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1702965640 美国世纪结束了吗? [:1702964615]
1702965641 美国世纪结束了吗? 第七章 结论
1702965642
1702965643 任何试图评估在未来几十年中美国实力的人都应该记得此前有多少同样的努力曾得出远离实际的结论。美国对20世纪70年代苏联实力和20世纪80年代日本实力的夸张估计是极好的教训。如今,一些分析家们充满信心地预测,中国将取代美国成为全球领导国家,而另一些分析家们同样自信地认为,“美国还只在其施展实力的开始阶段,21世纪仍将是美国的世纪”。[1]但无法预料的事件可以扰乱这样的预测。未来有许多可能,绝非一种,意外、误算和特异的人为选择将导致不同的结局。
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1702965648 美国世纪结束了吗? [:1702964616]
1702965649 美国世纪结束了吗? 净实力评估和均势
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1702965651 美国与中国的相对权力变化将取决于两国未来政治变革的不确定性。如果中国没有遇到不利的不确定性事件,现有规模和较高的经济增长速度几乎肯定会增加其相对优势,并在接下来的数十年里更接近美国的实力资源水平。这些相对的能量增加并不一定意味着中国将超越美国而成为最强大的国家。
1702965652
1702965653 正如我们前面所看到的,即使中国没有遭受重大的国内政治挫折,目前基于国内生产总值增长的很多预测只是目前增长速度的简单线性外推,这一增长速度很有可能在未来放缓。此外,经济预测是一维的,它忽略了美国的军事和软实力优势,以及相比于美国与欧洲、日本、印度,以及其他国家持有的友好关系,中国在亚洲内部均势中处于不利的地缘政治态势。试想一下如果美国的周边不是海洋和两个友好邻邦,而是与不少国家接壤,其中还有些国家(如日本和印度)持有怀疑态度并实力强大,那情况看上去会有什么不同。
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