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(330)《四川档案史料》1983年第1期,第22页。
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(331)[清]霍为棻等修:《巴县志》,清同治六年(1867)刻本,卷2,第9页;朱之洪等修、向楚等纂:《民国巴县志》,台北:学生书局,1967,卷6,第33页。(译者注:英文原书此处误将乾隆二年时朝廷所定的巴县衙门经制差役额数写为29人,现予更正。)
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(332)译者注:英文原书此处漏写了“仵作”,现予补上。
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(333)巴县档案,档案号:6.4.9;6.5.18;6.5.20;6.6.114-126;6.6.335;6.6.4978。
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(334)四川大学藏巴县档案抄件,民刑欺诈,12(宣统元年)。
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(335)巴县档案,档案号:6.6.602。
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(336)巴县档案,档案号:6.3.18。
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(337)巴县档案,档案号:6.6.111。
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(338)[清]薛允升:《读例存疑》(第5册),黄静嘉重校,台北:成文出版社,1970,第1035—1036页,律344,例7,例9;[清]徐栋辑:《牧令书》,清同治七年(1868)江苏书局刻本,卷4,第25—27、36页。
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(339)[清]徐栋辑:《牧令书》,清同治七年(1868)江苏书局刻本,卷20,第46页;另参见巴县档案,档案号:6.6.1366。
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(340)[清]不著撰者:《治浙成规》,清道光十七年(1837)刊本,卷8,第66页。
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(341)译者注:英文原书此处关于差役之法律地位的描述,并不完全准确。据《钦定大清会典》:“凡衙门应役之人,除库丁、斗级、民壮仍列于齐民,其皂隶、马快、步快、小马、禁卒、门子、弓兵、仵作、粮差及巡捕营诸番役,皆为贱役。”[清]昆冈等续修:《清会典》(第2册),卷17,户部,上海:商务印书馆,1936,第180页。
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(342)《清会典事例》,北京:中华书局,1991,卷17,第4页;Chü T’ung-tsu, Local Government in China Under the Ch’ing, Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 1962, p. 106; Ch’ü T’ung-tsu, Law and Society in Traditional China, Paris: Mouton, 1965, p. 129。
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(343)Anders Hansson, Chinese Outcasts, Discrimination and Emancipation in Late Imperial China, Leiden: E. J. Brill, 1996, pp. 49-50.
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(344)Anders Hansson, Chinese Outcasts, Discrimination and Emancipation in Late Imperial China, Leiden: E. J. Brill, 1996, p. 89; James H. Cole, Shaohsing: Competition and Cooperation in Nineteenth-Century China, Tucson: University of Arizona Press, 1986, p. 69.
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(345)Ch’ü T’ung-tsu, Law and Society in Traditional China, Paris: Mouton, 1965, pp. 129-132, 134;[清]薛允升:《读例存疑》(第2册),黄静嘉重校,台北:成文出版社,1970,第311页,律115;James T. C. Liu, Reform in Sung China: Wang An-shih(1021-1086)and His New Policies, Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 1959, pp. 164, 256。
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(346)Ch’ü T’ung-tsu, Law and Society in Traditional China, Paris: Mouton, 1965, p. 138.
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(347)巴县档案,档案号:6.6.114。
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(348)巴县档案,档案号:6.6.4948。
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(349)巴县档案,档案号:6.6.531。另参见巴县档案,档案号:6.6.459;6.6.566;6.6.582;6.6.628;6.6.653。
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(350)这种观点也一再出现于当代学者所写的著述当中。例如,柯慎思认为,衙役们的粗鲁态度,源于他们试图通过滥用手中权力来报复社会大众对他们的鄙视,参见James H. Cole, Shaohsing: Competition and Cooperation in Nineteenth-Century China, Tucson: University of Arizona Press, 1986, p. 70。
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(351)巴县档案,档案号:6.4.12。
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(352)[清]李渔辑:《新增资治新书全集》,清康熙六年(1667)据尚德堂藏版刊印,卷12,第27页。
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(353)Susan Naquin, Shantung Rebellion, The Wang Lun Uprising of 1774, New Haven: Yale University Press, 1981, p. 48.
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(354)关于民间宗教团体与衙役之间的可能关系,另可参见James H. Cole, Shaohsing: Competition and Cooperation in Nineteenth-Century China, Tucson: University of Arizona Press, 1986, p. 63; Philip A. Kuhn & Susan Mann-Jones,“Dynastic Decline and the Roots of Rebellion”, in John K. Fairbank, ed., Cambridge History of Ch’ina, Volume 10, Ch’ing Late 1800-1911, Part I, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1978, p. 140。
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