打字猴:1.703230591e+09
1703230591 最后,协调化网络使其成员参与到使特定监管领域的法律相互一致的各项工作中来,而且往往是非常细微的工作。这些网络一般经过参加国所签订的相关国际协定授权。然而监管者协调化网络可以将众多重要工作委托给技术专家,听取他们的意见,而且这些网络成员可以在国内官僚斗争中互相支持。这种合作既反映了技术专家治国优于民主的政策绩效,也代表了反腐败政治压力下支持独立监管的声音。
1703230592
1703230593 在所有这些领域,这些监管者成了名副其实的“新外交家”——他们就各种前沿问题进行交涉,这些问题曾经专属于国内政策,而如今各国当局已经不能单独解决。这些监管者须经常与那些训练有素、服务于各国外交部门的“旧外交家”合作,这些旧外交家必须处理各种棘手的治国难题。但是,身着外交礼服的各国大使,有选择性地就一系列安全和经济问题互相陈述他们本国观点的时代已经一去不复返了。
1703230594
1703230595 众多读者并不会对这一断言感到惊讶。我们已经习惯了这样一个世界,在这个世界里,各国财政部长发布他们自己的公报。但一些国外评论家注意到,在同一本使馆日志中,既有各国监管者和对应国家官员的访问记录,也有日益增加的法官访问记录。我在下一章将要介绍各种司法网络,虽然和监管网络大有不同,但它们共同组成了一个独特的、日益重要的世界。
1703230596
1703230597 (1)Remarks before the Council of Women’s International Leaders,16 November 1999,United Nations,New York,New York.
1703230598
1703230599 (2)Lyman,“The Growing Influence of Domestic Factors,”76-80.
1703230600
1703230601 (3)Ibid.,83-85;Andrews,“Listening in on the US-EU Legal Dialogue,”35(称“在跨大西洋监管合作方面,国务院所起的作用非常有限”).
1703230602
1703230603 (4)“A Guide to Fund Committees,Groups,and Clubs,”on International Monetary Fund homepage(cited 3 June 2003);available from http://www.imf.org/external/np/exr/facts/groups.htm.
1703230604
1703230605 (5)这方面的一个例子是人的安全网络,“来自世界各地区一群具有相同理念的国家,在外交部长层次上,就有关人的安全的问题保持对话。”On the Human Security Network homepage(cited 3 June 2002);available from http://www.humansecuritynetwork.org/network-e.php.
1703230606
1703230607 (6)See Keohane and Nye,Power and Interdependence,8.
1703230608
1703230609 (7)Majone,“The European Community as a Regulatory State,”321-419.
1703230610
1703230611 (8)Kagan,“Presidential Administration,”2245.
1703230612
1703230613 (9)See introduction,note 21.
1703230614
1703230615 (10)See introduction,note 22.
1703230616
1703230617 (11)Keohane and Nye,“Transgovernmental Relations,”39,42.
1703230618
1703230619 (12)Ibid.
1703230620
1703230621 (13)Ibid.
1703230622
1703230623 (14)Ibid.,475.
1703230624
1703230625 (15)Putnam,“Diplomacy and Domestic Policy:The Logic of Two-Level Games,”451.
1703230626
1703230627 (16)See generally Rosenau and Czempiel,eds.,Governance without Government:Order and Change in World Politics;James Rosenau,Along the Domestic-International Frontier:Exploring Governance in a Turbulent World;Thomas Friedman,The Lexus and the Olive Tree:Understanding Globalization.有关治理文献的出色回顾,见Gerry Stoker,“Governance as Theory:Five Propositions,”17-28;关于欧盟内部多层治理的有影响的讨论,见Scharpf,“Community and Autonomy:Multi-Level Governance in the European Union,”219;Marks,Hooghe,and Blank,“An Actor-Centered Approach to Multi-Level Governance,”20;Horeth,The Trilemma of Legitimacy:Multilevel Governance in the EU and the Problem of Democracy.
1703230628
1703230629 (17)Haas,“Introduction:Epistemic Communities and International Policy Coordination,”3.See also Haas,ed.,“Knowledge,Power and International Policy Coordination”;Haas,Saving the Mediterranean:The Politics of International Environmental Cooperation.
1703230630
1703230631 (18)巴塞尔委员会的成员来自比利时、加拿大、法国、德国、意大利、日本、卢森堡、荷兰、西班牙、瑞典、瑞士、英国和美国。见Bank for International Settlements homepage,Basel,Switzerland(cited 3 June 2003);available from http://www.bis.org/bcbs/aboutbcbs.htm.
1703230632
1703230633 (19)Porter,States,Markets and Regimes in Global Finance,3;see also Zaring,“International Law by other Means:The Twilight Existence of International Financial Regulatory Organization,”284.1999年以来,巴塞尔委员会一直在致力于就一个新的、更具有风险敏感性框架的资本协议接受评议,该协议可望于2005年开始执行。见Bank for International Settlements homepage,Basel,Switzerland(cited 20 June 2002);available at http://www.bis.org/bcbs/aboutbcbs.htm.
1703230634
1703230635 (20)金融稳定委员会,见导论正文译文
1703230636
1703230637 (21)Zaring,International Law by other Means;See also Porter,States,Markets and Regimes,4-5.
1703230638
1703230639 (22)Picciotto,“Networks in International Economic Integration,”1039.
1703230640
[ 上一页 ]  [ :1.703230591e+09 ]  [ 下一页 ]