1703231056
1703231057
(14)译者注：法律人努力在证据的获得上规划出适当有效的方式、程序，证据交换就是其中之一。证据交换即让当事人在审理前提出证据，相互了解证据信息，从而明确诉讼的争议点，为开庭审理做好准备。
1703231058
1703231059
(15)译者注：所谓风险代理收费，指的是，律师获取的报酬取决于所代理的案件获得法院判决给付的总额的一定百分比。换句话说，假如你聘请了律师帮你打官司，如果官司输了，律师将得不到任何报酬。
1703231060
1703231061
(16)“The Use of American Precedents in Canadian Courts,”Maine Law Review 46（1994）：216.
1703231062
1703231063
(17)Knight v.Florida，528 U.S.990，120 S.Ct.459，464（U.S.1999）（Breyer，J.dissenting from denial of cert）（citing Pratt v.Attorney General of Jamaica 2 A.C.1；Sher Singh v.State of Punjab，A.I.R.1983 S.C.465（India 1983）；Catholic Commission for Justice and Peace in Zimbabwe v.Attorney General 1 Zimb.L.R.239（S）（1993）；Soering v.United Kingdom，11 Eur.Ct.H.R.（ser.A）439（Eur.Ct.H.R.1989）；Kindler v.Minister of Justice 2 S.C.R.779（Canada 1991）；In re：Barrett v.Jamaica（Nos.207/1988 and 271/1988）（UN Human Rights Committee 1988）.
1703231064
1703231065
(18)Westbrook，“International Judicial Negotiation,”567.
1703231066
1703231067
(19)Sandra Day O’Connor，keynote address，American Society of International Law Proceedings 96（2002）：348；Stephen Breyer，keynote address，American Society of International Law，American Society of International Law Proceedings（2003）.
1703231068
1703231069
(20)威廉·伦奎斯特2002年4月8日在联邦巡回上诉法院司法会议12周年纪念日上的讲话，在美国联邦最高法院的主页上（cited 14 June 2003）；参见 http://wwww.supremecourtus.gov/publicinfo/speeches/sp-04-08-02a.html。
1703231070
1703231071
(21)New York University，The Project on International Courts and Tribunals，on “The Project on International Courts and Tribunals”homepage（cited 20 December 2002）；available from http://www.pict-pcti.org/home.html.
1703231072
1703231073
(22)Smith Mine and French Laboratories Ltd.v.Bloch（1984）E.C.C.103，106（U.K.）.
1703231074
1703231075
(23)Jay Lawrence Westbrook，“International Judicial Negotiation”（June 2003 draft on file with author）.
1703231076
1703231077
(24)举例来说，1993年，法国国际法研究所出台了一份决议，号召国家法庭变成国际领域中的一个独立的角色，不偏不倚地推行国际规范，不要对各自的政府卑躬屈膝。见Thomas M.Franck and Gregory H.Fox，eds.，International law Decisions in National Courts，383.“国际国内司法的配合”这一重要研究项目将研究重心放在国内和国际法院在监督和执行国际法时的互相配合上。
1703231078
1703231079
(25)Benvenisti，“Judges and Foreign Affairs：A Comment on the Inscitut de Droit International’s Resolution on ‘Activities of National Courts and the International Relations of their States,’”424.
1703231080
1703231081
(26)对国际刑法领域法院共同体的分析，见Burke-White，“A Community of Courts：Toward a System of International Criminal Law Enforcement,”1.
1703231082
1703231083
(27)Smith，“The Supreme Court in Present-day Society,”134-135.
1703231084
1703231085
(28)Ibid.，135.
1703231086
1703231087
(29)L’Heureux-Dubé，“The Importance of Dialogue,”16.
1703231088
1703231089
(30)Loveland，“The Criminalization of Racist Violence,”257（citing comments by Lord Browne-Wilkinson）.
1703231090
1703231091
(31)Constitution of South Africa，Sect.39.
1703231092
1703231093
(32)The State v.T Makwanyane and M Mchunu，Case No.CCT/3/94（South Africa,6 June 1995）.
1703231094
1703231095
(33)McCrudden，“A Common Law of Human Rights?：Transnational Judicial Conversations on Constitutional Rights,”506.
1703231096
1703231097
(34)举一个最明显的例子，美利坚合众国宪法的缔造者们在普通法原则和启蒙时代政治理论上浸淫已久。美国宪法中表露出的法律理念又转过来对法国人权宣言产生了影响，接着通过帝国统治传播到了其他各大陆。见Anthony，“The Overseas Trade in the American Bill of Rights,”541.对一国法律如何在国际上得到传播的总体描述，见 Glenn，“Persuasive Authority,”296.
1703231098
1703231099
(35)McClean，“A Common Inheritance? An Examination of the Private International Law Tradition of the Commonwealth,”9-98.
1703231100
1703231101
(36)对这种现象，目前有很好的描述。见Lester，“The Overseas Trade,”541.；Going，“Europaisicrung der Rechtswissenschaft,”937-941；Rapaczynski，“Bibliographical Essay：The Influence of U.S.Constitutionalism Abroad”；Ackerman，“The Rise of：World Constitutionalism,”771；Glendon，Rights Talk：The Impoverishment of Political Discourse，158.
1703231102
1703231103
(37)Watson，Legal Transplants；Watson，“Legal Change：Sources of Law and Legal Culture,”1121-1146；Smith，“Legal Imperialism and Legal Parochialism,”39-54.
1703231104
1703231105
(38)In addition to L’Heureux-Dubé，“The Importance of Dialogue,”16；Choudhry，“Globalization in Search of Justification：Toward a Theory of Comparative Constitutional Interpretation,”819.1980年代末，学者们的目光落在美国宪法单方面地向外传播过程上，请对比一下目前关注点的转变。见 the Constitution of South Africa，Sect.39.
[
上一页 ]
[ :1.703231056e+09 ]
[
下一页 ]