打字猴:1.703233388e+09
1703233388 (70)Charles F.Rule,“European Communities-United States Agreement on the Application of their Competition Laws Introductory Note,”1487,1488.美国与德国在1976年签署了一个相似的协议。See Snell,“Controlling Restrictive Business Practices in Global Markets:Reflections on the Concepts of Sovereignty,Fairness,and Comity,”234.
1703233389
1703233390 (71)自从签署了1984年协议之后,再报道加拿大联邦阻塞性法律就没有用。See Waller,“The Internationalization of Antitrust Enforcement,”368.
1703233391
1703233392 (72)在过去的五年里,美国与加拿大反垄断机构之间展开合作共同起诉过传真纸与塑料餐具。See Stark,“International Antitrust Cooperation in NAFTA:The International Antitrust Assistance Act of 1994,”171-172.
1703233393
1703233394 (73)Nina Hachigian,“Essential Mutual Assistance in International Antitrust Enforcement,”138.反垄断合作已经发展为多边规模了。经合组织(OECD)在国家竞争性政策方面的官员中定期举办协商会议,并且起草了一份关于反垄断合作的建议案,鼓励“在自愿的基础上进行通告、信息交流、协调行动、咨询协商与调解。”See Waller,“The Internationalization of Antitrust Enforcement,”362-363.引用“Revised Recommendation of the Council Concerning Co-operation Between Member Countries on Anticompetitive Practices Affecting International Trade,”International Legal Materials 35(1996):1315-1317.最近,号称“国际反垄断法规工作组”的十二人专家小组提出建议:采用一套国际反垄断法规作为关贸总协定之下的多边贸易协定。根据这套法规,会成立一个国际反垄断当局,它由一位主席和一个国际反垄断理事会组成,以确保签约各方遵守法规。See Shank,“The Justice Department’s Recent Antitrust Enforcement Policy,”186.
1703233395
1703233396 (74)See “Agreement Regarding the Application of Competition Laws,23 Sept.1991,E.C.-U.S.,”International Legal Materials 30(1991):1491.
1703233397
1703233398 (75)Ibid.,1056-1059.
1703233399
1703233400 (76)See Griffin,“EC and U.S.Extraterritoriality,”376.
1703233401
1703233402 (77)Atwood,“Positive Comity — Is It a Positive Step?”,84.
1703233403
1703233404 (78)See Rule,“European Communities-United States Agreement,”1488.
1703233405
1703233406 (79)See Atwood,“Positive Comity — Is It a Positive Step?”84.
1703233407
1703233408 (80)See Rule,“European Communities-United States Agreement,”1487.
1703233409
1703233410 (81)Griffin,“EC/U.S.Antitrust Cooperation Agreement:Impact on Transnational Business,”1063.
1703233411
1703233412 (82)See generally Klein and Bansal,“International Antitrust Enforcement in the Computer Industry,”179.
1703233413
1703233414 (83)See Rule,“European Communities-United States Agreement,”1490.这一效率的提高也证明它对商业本身是有吸引力的。在美国诉微软公司案件中,当意识到美国司法部与欧洲委员会都在调查它的授权行为时,微软公司同意在美国反垄断法规定之下放弃它的保密权,允许美欧当局交换一些机密信息。See Shank,“The Justice Department’s Recent Antitrust Enforcement Policy,”179.
1703233415
1703233416 (84)Janow,“Transatlantic Cooperation on Competition Policy,”51.
1703233417
1703233418 (85)Ibid.
1703233419
1703233420 (86)See Atwood,“Positive Comity — Is It a Positive Step?”87.
1703233421
1703233422 (87)Ibid.
1703233423
1703233424 (88)Ibid.,88.
1703233425
1703233426 (89)See Waller,“National Laws and International Markets,”1125.
1703233427
1703233428 (90)See Atwood,“Positive Comity — Is It a Positive Step?”88.
1703233429
1703233430 (91)Shapiro,Federalism:A Dialogue,108.
1703233431
1703233432 (92)Ibid.
1703233433
1703233434 (93)See chapter 2,note 104.
1703233435
1703233436 (94)Bermann,“Taking Subsidiarity Seriously:Federalism in the European Community and the United States,”331.
1703233437
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