1703240445
因此，全球合作呈现出一幅程度不同、参差不一的景象：一些领域有广泛的全球合作，另一些领域的合作很有限。秩序的核心依然是尊重主权，但俄罗斯在欧洲的行动挑战了这一原则，而且在部分甚至全部主权特权被夺走时，全世界也没有形成一致意见。国际社会的许多领域呈现出一种模式：原则上的协议很少转变成实践中的协议。在其他更多领域，甚至还没达成原则性协议。这些差异大多不能通过谈判解决；国际流程往往让步于各国政策，这是因为全世界有很多政府，而且一些影响重大的非政府实体未被邀请参与。总体结果是，在应对全球化的挑战中，想达到的目标和已被证实可行性方案之间存在着全球性差距，而这一差距是这个世界失序的一大主因。
1703240446
1703240447
[1]To see all of the UN Security Council resolutions dealing with the Gulf War,beginning with Resolution660,see http://www.un.org/Docs/scres/1990/scres90.htm and http://www.un.org/Docs/scres/1991/scres91.htm.
1703240448
1703240449
[2]See Laura Silber and Allan Little,Yugoslavia
:Death of a Nation(New York
:Penguin,1997);Tim Judah,Kosovo
:War of Revenge(New Haven,CT
:Yale University Press,2002);Ivo H.Daalder and Michael O’Hanlon,Winning Ugly
:NATO’s War to Save Kosovo(Washington,DC
:Brookings Institution Press,2000);and Richard Holbrooke,To End a War(New York
:Modern Library,1998).
1703240450
1703240451
[3]Michael Mandelbaum,“Foreign Policy as Social Work”Foreign Affairs75,no.1(January/February1996),https://www.foreignaffairs.com/articles/haiti/1996-01-01/foreign-policy-socialwork.
1703240452
1703240453
[4]Haass,War of Necessity,War of Choice.
1703240454
1703240455
[5]Richard N.Haass,Intervention
:The Use of American Military Force in the Post-Cold War World(Washington,DC
:Brookings Institution Press,1994).
1703240456
1703240457
[6]See Samantha Power,A Problem from Hell
:America and the Age of Genocide(New York
:Basic Books,2002);Roméo Dallaire,Shake Hands with the Devil
:The Failure of Humanity in Rwanda(Boston
:Da Capo Press,2004);and Philip Gourevitch,We Wish to Inform You That Tomorrow We Will Be Killed with Our Families
:Stories from Rwanda(New York
:Farrar,Straus and Giroux,1998).
1703240458
1703240459
[7]For the text establishing the Responsibility to Protect,see UN General Assembly,Resolution60/1.“2005World Summit Outcome,”para.138-140,October24,2005,http://undocs.org/A/RES/60/1.For background,see Gene M.Lyons and Michael Mastanduno,eds.,Beyond Westphalia?
:State Sovereignty and International Intervention(Baltimore
:Johns Hopkins University Press,1995).
1703240460
1703240461
[8]Haass,War of Necessity,War of Choice;for President Bush’s account of what led up to his decision,see George W.Bush,Decision Points(New York
:Crown,2010),especially chap.8.
1703240462
1703240463
[9]Walzer,Just and Unjust Wars,74-85.
1703240464
1703240465
[10]For background,see Avner Cohen,Israel and the Bomb(New York
:Columbia University Press,1998).
1703240466
1703240467
[11]For background,see George Perkovich,India’s Nuclear Bomb
:The Impact on Global Proliferation(Berkeley,CA
:University of California Press,1999);Ashley J.Tellis,India’s Emerging Nuclear Posture
:Between Recessed Deterrent and Ready Arsenal(Santa Monica,CA
:RAND,2001);and Jasjit Singh,ed.,Nuclear India(New Delhi
:Knowledge World,1998).
1703240468
1703240469
[12]Arnold Kanter and Brent Scowcroft,“Korea
:Time for Action,”Washington Post,June15,1994,https://www.washingtonpost.com/archive/opinions/1994/06/15/korea-time-for-action/73e7cb5b73e9-4503-916f-9b601b67087d/;Richard N.Haass,“Keep the Heat on North Korea,”The New York Times,June17,1994.
1703240470
1703240471
[13]Dennis Ross,“Nothing in the Middle East Happens by Accident—Except When It Does,”The Washington Institute,December7,2015,http://www.washingtoninstitute.org/policy-analysis/view/nothing-in-the-middle-east-happens-by-accident-except-when-itdoes.
1703240472
1703240473
[14]“Joint Comprehensive Plan of Action,”July14,2015,U.S.Department of State,http://www.state.gov/documents/organization/245317.pdf.
1703240474
1703240475
[15]“Adoption of the Paris Agreement,”December12,2015,UN Framework Convention on Climate Change https://unfccc.int/resource/docs/2015/cop21/eng/l09.pdf.
1703240476
1703240477
[16]See Adam Segal,The Hacked World Order
:How Nations Fight,Trade,Maneuver,and Manipulate in the Digital Age(New York
:PublicAffairs,2016).
1703240478
1703240479
[17]“Safe Harbor Privacy Principles,”July21,2000,Council of Europe,https://www.coe.int/t/dghl/standardsetting/dataprotection/National%20laws/USA SAFE%20HARBOR%20PRIVACY%20_PRINCIPLES.pdf.
1703240480
1703240481
[18]The White House,International Strategy for Cyberspace
:Prosperity,Security,and Openness in a Networked World(May2011),8,https://www.whitehouse.gov/sites/default/files/rss_viewer/international strategy for c_yberspace.pdf.
1703240482
1703240483
[19]“FACT SHEET
:President Xi Jinping’s State Visit to the United States,”September25,2015,The White House,https://www.whitehouse.gov/the-press-office/2015/09/25/fact-sheet-presidentxi-jinpings-state-visit-united-states.
1703240484
1703240485
[20]“EU-U.S.Privacy Shield Principles,”February23,2016,U.S.Department of Commerce,https://www.commerce.gov/sites/commerce.gov/files/media/files/2016/eu us_privacy shield full_text.pdf.pdf.
1703240486
1703240487
[21]World Health Organization,International Health Regulations(2005),2nd ed.(June15,2007),http://apps.who.int/iris/bitstream/10665/43883/1/9789241580410en_g.pdf.
1703240488
1703240489
[22]“Agreement Establishing the World Trade Organization,”April15,1994,World Trade Organization,https://www.wto.org/english/docs e/legal e/04-wto.pdf.
1703240490
1703240491
[23]For data see World Trade Organization Statistical Program(Time Series data)for total world merchandise trade,http://stat.wto.org/StatisticalProgram/WSDBStatProgramHome.aspx?Language=E.
1703240492
1703240493
[24]“Financial Stability Board Charter,”September25,2015,Financial Stability Board,http://www.fsb.org/wp-content/uploads/r090925d.pdf?page moved=1.
1703240494
[
上一页 ]
[ :1.703240445e+09 ]
[
下一页 ]