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许多美国的国际关系理论家，以及外交政策、国家安全的分析家对美国的世界领导地位，的确有一种规范性的信奉。他们已经提出了霸权的理念，借此证明美国的世界领导地位的合理性，而霸权已成为他们研究的核心。我们已经证明，霸权在实证上是缺乏论据支持的，霸权的概念是基于对权力及其在世界政治中的超然重要性的错误理解。正是霸权促使美国的行为方式与其利益，乃至世界共同体的利益背道而驰。身为国际关系学者，与霸权概念脱离关系是义不容辞的。霸权概念曾经是国际关系学者的理论和政策指导，而我们必须和它告别，这是迈向实用主义和恢复美国全球地位的第一步。
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[1]John W.Kingdon, Agendas, Alternatives,and Public Policies, 2nd ed. (New York: Harper Collins, 1995).
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[2]Charles P.Kindleberger, The World in Depression, 1929—1939 (Berkeley and Los Angeles: University of California Press, 1973), 305; Robert Gilpin, War and Change in World Politics (Cambridge: Cambridge. University Press, 1981): 173—175.
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[3]Simon Reich, Global Norms, American Sponsorship and the Emerging Pattern of World Politics (Basingstoke, England: Palgrave, 2010) 62—63.
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[4]Angus Maddison, Monitoring the World Economy, 1820—1992 (Paris: Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development, 1995); Mark Perry, “Charting World Shares of GDP,” 18 November 2011, http: //seekingalpha.com/article/308958-charting-world-shares-of-gdp (accessed 5 April 2013); Gilpin, War and Change in World Politics, 173—175,认为美国的全球主导地位正在逝去。
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[5]“US Share of World GDP Has Fallen 32% Since 2001,” Ecominoes, 29 November 2012, http: //www.ecominoes.com/2012/11/us-share-of-world-gdp-falls-32-since.html (accessed 5 April 2013).
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[6]Andrew Mack, “The Changing Face of Global Violence (Part 1),” in The Human Security Report 2005 (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2005), 15—16, 18, 31—32.
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[7]Joshua Aizenman, “On the Causes of Global Imbalances and Their Persistence: Myths, Facts and Conjectures,” in Stijn Claessens, Simon Evenett, and Bernard Hoekman, eds., Rebalancing the Global Economy: A Primer for Policymaking (London: Centre for Economic Policy Research, 2010): 23—30.
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[8]Ibid., 24.
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[9]个人储蓄率的计算方式：取税后个人所得与个人消费支出的差额，然后除以税后个人所得。
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[10]Massimo Guidolin and Elizabeth A.La Jeunesse, “The Decline in the US Personal Saving Rate: Is It Real and Is It a Puzzle?” Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis Review 89, no.6 (2007): 491—514;参见第492页图1。
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[11]Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System, Federal Reserve Statistical Release, 9 March 2006, http: //www.federalreserve.gov/releases/Z1/20060309/data.htm, 8, 102 (accessed 29 January 2011).
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[12]Lori Montgomery, “CBO Projects US Budget Deficit to Reach $1.5 Trillion in 2011, Highest Ever,” Washington Post, 26 January 2011, http: //www.washingtonpost.com/business/cbo-projects-us-budget-deficit-to-reach-15-trillion-in-2011-highest-ever/2011/01/26/ABKue3Q_story.html (accessed 28 June 2011).
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[13]“The US National Debt Clock,” http: //www.brillig.com/debt_clock (accessed 1 July 2011); Treasurydirect, http: //www.treasurydirect.gov/NP/BPDLogin?application=np (accessed 5 April 2013).
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[14]Pew Survey, “Obama More Popular Abroad Than at Home, Global Image of US Continues to Benefit,” 17 June 2011, http: //www.pewglobal.org/2010/06/17/obama-more-popular-abroad-than-at-home (accessed 26 September 2011).
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[15]John G.Mearsheimer, “Back to the Future: Instability in Europe after the Cold War,” International Security 15, no.1 (1990): 5—56.
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[16]Karl W.Deutsch, “Supranational Organizations in the 1960s,” JCMS: Journal of Common Market Studies 1, no.3 (1963): 212—218.
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[17]Hans J.Morgenthau, Politics in the Twentieth Century: The Impasse of American Foreign Policy (Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1962), 141.
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[18]Ian Hurd, “Legitimacy and Authority in International Politics,” International Organization 53, no.2 (1999): 400—401.
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[19]Antonio Gramsci, Selections from the Prison Notebooks of Antonio Gramsci, ed. Geoffrey Nowell Smith (London: ElecBook, 1999), 131—134; Robert W.Cox, “Gramsci, Hegemony and International Relations: An Essay in Method,” Millennium—Journal of International Studies 12, June 1983, 162—175; Stephen R.Gill and David Law, “Global Hegemony and the Structural Power of Capital,” International Studies Quarterly 33, no.4 (1989): 475—499.国际关系中的非马克思主义应用，参见Friedrich V.Kratochwil, Rules, Norms and Decisions: On the Conditions of Practical and Legal Reasoning in International Relations and Domestic Affairs (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1991); Craig Murphy, “Understanding IR, Understanding Gramsci,” Review of International Studies 24, no.3 (1998): 417—425; Neta C.Crawford, Argument and Change in World Politics: Ethics, Decolonization, and Humanitarian Intervention (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2002); Martha Finnemore and Stephen J.Toope, “Alternatives to Legalization: Richer Views of Law and Politics,” International Organization 55, no.3 (2001): 743—758。
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[20]Thomas Hobbes, Behemoth, or the Long Parliament, ed. Paul Seaward (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2010), 59.
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(1)“单极时刻”这一概念，出自美国专栏作家查尔斯·克劳塞默（Charles Krauthammer），参见Charles Krauthammer, “The Unipolar Moment”, Foreign Affairs, Vol. 70, No. 1, 1990/1991, pp.22—23。——译者注
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告别霸权！：全球体系中的权力与影响力 译后记
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