打字猴:1.70328946e+09
1703289460 今天,显而易见的是美国在她属于有色人种的公民中没有履行这份承诺。美国未能兑现这份神圣的契约,而是给了黑人一张被退回的无效支票,上面标示着“资金不足”。但我们决不相信公义的银行会破产。我们决不相信在这个国度伟大机遇的宝库中会资金不足。所以我们来兑现这张支票——一张将为我们带来宝贵的自由和公义之保障的支票。
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1703289464 我有一个梦,那就是有一天这个国家会兴起,将“我们拥有这不证自明的真理:人人被造而平等”之信念的本意彰显于世。
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1703289468 我有一个梦,那就是有一天在乔治亚州的红色丘陵上,奴隶的后代与奴隶主的后代将会环坐在兄弟相爱的桌前。
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1703289472 我有一个梦,有朝一日甚至连密西西比州,这个如今仍在不公和压迫的酷热中的沙漠之州,会转化成自由与公义的绿洲。
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1703289476 我有一个梦,我的四个孩子有一天会生活在这样一个国家:不是根据他们的肤色而是根据他们的品德与性格来评判他们。[16]
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1703289480 在民权运动之后的半个多世纪以来,一方面以身份认同为基础的政治活动蓬勃发展,从最初的争取性别平等、种族平等,发展到争取性向平等、语言平等、生活方式平等,这些政治活动从根本上不断改写着人类对于平等权利的书写和对于个体尊严的追寻。但另一方面,以宗教、种族等身份认同为基础的极端主义、恐怖主义组织和他们所发动的反人类暴力活动也日益挑战人类文明的底线,成为全世界爱好和平与自由的人们的共同敌人。身份政治,必将是21世纪人类社会所需要面对的最重要的共同议题之一。
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1703289482 [1] Friedrich Nietzsche,On the Genealogy of Morals,London:Penguin Books,2013,p.3.
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1703289484 [2] R.R.Anspach,“From Stigma to Identity Politics:Political Activism among the Physically Disabled and Former Mental Patients,” Social Science & Medicine.Part A:Medical Psychology & Medical Sociology,13,pp.765-773.对身份政治概念的回顾,参见 M.Bernstein,“Identity Politics,”Annual Review of Sociology (2005),pp.47-74。
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1703289486 [3] Wendy Brown,States of Injury:Power and Freedom in Late Modernity,Princeton,NJ:Princeton University Press,1995.
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1703289488 [4] C.Heyes,“Identity Politics,”The Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy (2014Winter).Retrieved February28,2015,from http://plato.stanford.edu/archives/win2014/entries/identity-politics.
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1703289490 [5] Brown,States of Injury:Power and Freedom in Late Modernity,Princeton,NJ:Princeton University Press,1995;S.M.Wildman,Privilege Revealed:How Invisible Preference Undermines America,New York:New York University Press,1996;I.M.Young,Justice and the Politics of Difference,Princeton,NJ:Princeton University Press,1990.
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1703289492 [6] Bernstein,“Identity Politics”,The Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy (2014Winter).Retrieved February28,2015,from http://plato.stanford.edu/archives/win2014/entries/identity-politics.
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1703289494 [7] Brown,States of Injury:Power and Freedom in Late Modernity,Princeton,NJ:Princeton University Press,1995.
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1703289496 [8] T.Spragens,“Identity Politics and the Liberalism of Difference:Missing the BigPicture,”Responsive Community,9(1999):12-25.
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1703289498 [9] T.Gitlin,“From Universality to Difference:Notes on the Fragmentation of the Idea of the Left,”in Social Theory and the Politics of Identity,edited by Craig Calhoun (Cambridge,MA:Blackwell Publishers,1994),pp.150-174;David Harvey,Justice,Nature and the Geography of Difference,Cambridge,MA:Blackwell,1996;L.A.Kauffman,“The Antipolitics of Identity,”Socialist Review,20(1) (1990):67-80.
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1703289500 [10] S.Bickford,“Anti-Anti-Identity Politics:Feminism,Democracy,and theComplexities of Citizenship,”Hypatia,12(4) (1997):111-131.
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1703289502 [11] K.A.Cerulo,“Identity Construction:New Issues,New Directions,”Annual Review of Sociology (1997),pp.385-409;F.Polletta and J.M.Jasper,“Collective Identity and Social Movements,”Annual Review of Sociology (2001),pp.283-305.
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1703289504 [12] M.Bernstein,“Celebration and Suppression:The Strategic Uses of Identity by the Lesbian and Gay Movement,”American Journal of Sociology,103(3) (1997):531-565.
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1703289506 [13] Calhoun,Social Theory and the Politics of Identity;Bernstein,“Identity Politics”,The Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy (2014Winter).Retrieved February28,2015,from http://plato.stanford.edu/archives/win2014/entries/identity-politics.
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1703289508 [14] Amy Chua,Day of Empire:How Hyperpowers Rise to Global Dominance—And Why They Fall,New York:Anchor Books,2009.
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