打字猴:1.703293093e+09
1703293093 [9]Robert Elgie, Semi-Presidentialism: Sub-Types and Democratic Performance, Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2011.
1703293094
1703293095 [10]罗纳德·英格尔哈特:《发达工业社会的文化转型》,张秀琴译,北京:社会科学文献出版社2013年版。
1703293096
1703293097 [11]关于主要的投票理论模型,参见Ken Newton and Jan W. Van Deth, Foundations of Comparative Politics: Democracies in the Modern World, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2005, pp.200-220。
1703293098
1703293099 [12]关于选举制度的简要知识,参见安德鲁·海伍德:《政治学》(第二版),张立鹏译,北京:中国人民大学出版社2006年版,第277—282页;较为全面的研究,参见David M. Farrell, Electoral Systems: A Comparative Introduction, 2nd edition, New York: Palgrave Macmillan, 2011。
1703293100
1703293101 [13]Donald L. Horowitz,“Democracy in Divided Societies,”Journal of Democracy, Vol.4, No.4(Oct.1993), pp.18-38.
1703293102
1703293103 [14]Maurice Duverger,“Duverger’s Law: Forty Years Later,”in Bernard Grofman and Arend Lijphart, ed., Electoral Laws and Their Political Consequences, New York: Agathon Press, 1986, pp.69-84.
1703293104
1703293105 [15]Maurice Duverger, Political Parties: Their Organization and Activity in the Modern State, London: Methuen & Co Ltd, 1978, pp.206-280.
1703293106
1703293107 [16]阿伦·利普哈特:《民主的模式:36个国家的政府形式与政府绩效》,陈崎译,北京:北京大学出版社2006年版。
1703293108
1703293109 [17]Joel Selway and Kharis Templeman,“The Myth of Consociationalism? Conflict Reduction in Divided Societies,”Comparative Political Studies, Vol.45, No.12(2012), pp.1542-1571.
1703293110
1703293111 [18]迈克尔·G.罗斯金等:《政治学与生活》(第12版),林震等译,北京:中国人民大学出版社2014年版,第194页。
1703293112
1703293113 [19]关于政党功能,参见史蒂芬·E.弗兰泽奇:《技术年代的政党》,李秀梅译,北京:商务印书馆2010年版。
1703293114
1703293115 [20]G.萨托利:《政党与政党体制》,王明进译,北京:商务印书馆2006年版,第184—207页。
1703293116
1703293117 [21]Markku Laakso and Rein Taagcpera,“‘Effective’ Number of Parties: A Measure with Application to West Europe,”Comparative Political Studies, 12(1979), pp.3-27.
1703293118
1703293119 [22]这方面著述很多,请参考下面两篇论文及其引述的文献:Octavio Amorim Neto and Gary W.Cox,“Electoral Institutions, Cleavage Structures, and the Number of Parties,”American Journal of Political Science, Vol.41, No.1(Jan., 1997), pp.149-174; Rein Taagepera,“The Number of Parties as a Function of Heterogeneity and Electoral System,”Comparative Political Studies, Vol.32 No.5, August 1999, pp.531-548。
1703293120
1703293121 [23]Michael Taylor and V.M.Herman,“Party Systems and Government Stability,”The American Political Science Review, Vol.65, No.1(Mar., 1971), pp.28-37.
1703293122
1703293123 [24]G.萨托利:《政党与政党体制》,王明进译,北京:商务印书馆2006年版,第284—397页。
1703293124
1703293125 [25]阿伦·利普哈特:《民主的模式:36个国家的政府形式和政府绩效》,陈崎译,北京:北京大学出版社2006年版,第135—145页。
1703293126
1703293127 [26]Donald L. Horowitz, Ethnic Groups in Conflict, Berkeley: University of California Press, 1985, p.603.
1703293128
1703293129 [27]Lawrence M. Anderson,“Exploring the Paradox of Autonomy: Federalism and Secession in North America,”Regional and Federal Studies, vol.14, 2004, pp.89-112.
1703293130
1703293131 [28]罗伯特·达尔:《论民主》,李风华译,北京:中国人民大学出版社2012年版,第109—119页。
1703293132
1703293133 [29]参见Benjamin Reilly, Democracy and Diversity: Political Engineering in the Asia-Pacific, Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2007, pp.21-24。作者有这样的定义:“政治工程学”就是“对政治制度的有意设计以实现某些特定的具体目标”。
1703293134
1703293135 [30]包刚升:《民主转型中的宪法工程学》,载于《开放时代》2014年第5期,第111—128页。
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1703293137 [31]James G. March and Johan P. Olsen,“The New Institutionalism: Organizational Factors in Political Life,”The American Political Science Review, Vol.78, No.3(Sep., 1984), pp.734-749.
1703293138
1703293139 [32]Gary W. Cox,“Centripetal and Centrifugal Incentives in Electoral Systems,”American Journal of Political Science, Vol.34, No.4(Nov., 1990), pp.903-935; Ernesto Calvo and Timothy Hellwig,“Centripetal and Centrifugal Incentives under Different Electoral Systems,”American Journal of Political Science, Vol.55, No.1(Jan., 2011), pp.27-41.
1703293140
1703293141 [33]Zachary Elkins, Tom Ginsburg, and James Melton, The Endurance of National Constitutions, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2009.
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