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1703293758
[12]塞缪尔·亨廷顿：《第三波——20世纪后期民主化浪潮》，刘军宁译，上海：上海三联书店1998年版，第54页。
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[13]Larry Diamond, The Spirit of Democracy: the Struggle to Build Free Societies throughout the World, New York: Times Books, 2008, p.96.详细数据的来源请参阅联合国开发署发布的各国人类发展指标和自由之家发表的各国政治权利和公民权利评价系统。戴蒙德在此参考的是2006年的数据，他排除了古巴。
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[14]Adam Przeworski, Michael E.Alvarez, Jose Antonio Cheibub and Fernando Limongi, Democracy and Development: Political Institutions and Well-Being in the World, 1950-1990, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2000., 79-80.
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[15]Seymour Martin Lipset,“Some Social Requisites of Democracy: Economic Development and Political Legitimacy,”American Political Science Review, Vol.53, No.1, Mar 1959, pp.69-105.
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1703293766
[16]Robert J. Barro,“Determinants of Democracy,”The Journal of Political Economy, 1999, Vol.107, No.6, pp.158-183.
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1703293768
[17]Adam Przeworski, Michael E.Alvarez, Jose Antonio Cheibub and Fernando Limongi, Democracy and Development: Political Institutions and Well-Being in the World, 1950-1990, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2000: 137.
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[18]Larry Diamond, The Spirit of Democracy: The Struggle to Build Free Societies Throughout the World, New York: Times Books, 2008, p.27.
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1703293772
[19]罗伯特·达尔：《多头政体》，第79页。
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[20]塞缪尔·亨廷顿：《第三波——20世纪后期民主化浪潮》，第70—74页。
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1703293776
[21]Seymour Martin Lipset,“The Social Requisites of Democracy Revisited: 1993 Presidential Address,”American Sociological Review, Vol.59, No.1, Feb.1994, pp.1-24.
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1703293778
[22]巴林顿·摩尔：《民主与专制的社会起源》，拓夫等译，北京：华夏出版社1987年版，第334—350页。
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[23]Evelyne Huber and John D.Stephens,“The Bourgeoisie and Democracy: Historical and Contemporary Perspectives，”Social Research, Vol.66, No.3，Fall 1999, pp.759-788.
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1703293782
[24]John D.Stephens,“Democratic Transitions and Breakdown in Western Europe, 1870-1939: A Test of the Moore Thesis,”The American Journal of Sociology, Vol.94, No.5,（Mar., 1989）, pp.1019-1077.
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1703293784
[25]Jean Grugel, Democratization: A Critical Introduction, Basingstoke: Palgrave, 2002, p.54.
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1703293786
[26]Ruth Berins Collier, Paths towards Democracy, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1999.
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1703293788
[27]亚里士多德：《政治学》，吴寿彭译，北京：商务印书馆2007年版，第207—215页。
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1703293790
[28]塞缪尔·亨廷顿：《第三波——20世纪后期民主化浪潮》，第76—78页。
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1703293792
[29]托克维尔：《论美国的民主》，董果良译，北京：商务印书馆2008年版，第354—358、74页。
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1703293794
[30]加布里埃尔·阿尔蒙德和西德尼·维巴：《公民文化——五个国家的政治态度和民主制》，徐湘林等译，北京：东方出版社2008年版，第443页。
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1703293796
[31]Ronald Inglehart,“The Renaissance of Political Culture,”American Political Science Review, Vol.82, No.4,（Dec., 1988）, pp.1203-1230.
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1703293798
[32]罗伯特·帕特南：《使民主运转起来：现代意大利的公民传统》，王列、赖海榕译，江西人民出版社2001年版，第1、195页。
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[33]Larry Diamond, Juan Linz and Seymour Martin Lipset,“Introduction: What Makes for Democracy?”in Larry Diamond, Juan Linz and Seymour Martin Lipset, eds., Politics in Developing Countries: Comparing Experiences with Democracy, Boulder: Lynne Rienner Publishers, 1995, p.19.
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[34]Edward N. Muller and Mitchell A. Seligson,“Civic Culture and Democracy: the Question of Causal Relationships,”American Political Science Review, Vol.88, No.3, Sep., 1994, pp.635-652.
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1703293804
[35]Robert W. Jackman and Ross A. Miller,“A Renaissance of Political Culture?”American Journal of Political Science, Vol.40, No.3（Aug., 1996）, pp.632-659.
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1703293806
[36]塞缪尔·亨廷顿：《第三波——20世纪后期民主化浪潮》，第83页。
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