1703333062
1703333063
14.Bunge, 2015.
1703333064
1703333065
15.Oxfam America, 2015.
1703333066
1703333067
16.Seabury et al., 2014.
1703333068
1703333069
17.Dunkley, 2014.
1703333070
1703333071
18.McMichael, 1998; Kaimowitz and Smith, 2001; Gale, Lohmar and Tuan, 2005.
1703333072
1703333073
19.所写的关于人类长期探索的文献：自然是为人类存在的吗？自然的地理改变了人类吗？人类从其原始状态改变了自身吗？
1703333074
1703333075
20.Chew, 2001.
1703333076
1703333077
21.Mielants, 2002, 2008.
1703333078
1703333079
22.Lamb, 2002; Fagan, 2008; Büntgen et al., 2011.
1703333080
1703333081
23.Fagan, 2008, 12, 20–21.
1703333082
1703333083
24.Hoffmann, 2014, 116.
1703333084
1703333085
25.B. Campbell, 2010; Mayhew, 2013.
1703333086
1703333087
26.M. Williams, 2003, 93. See also Wickham, 1994.
1703333088
1703333089
27.Nairn et al., 2004; Dribe, Olsson and Svensson, 2015.
1703333090
1703333091
28.Ruiz, 1994.
1703333092
1703333093
29.Jordan, 1997; Fagan, 2008; B. Campbell, 2010.
1703333094
1703333095
30.Hilton, 1951.
1703333096
1703333097
31.Bois, 1984, 264. 这与20世纪和21世纪呼吁进行农业生态耕作的观点相吻合，如Altieri,1999; Rosset and Martínez-Torres, 2012。
1703333098
1703333099
32.Ziegler, 2013, 40.关于黑死病的文献很多。参见：McNeill 1976; Cantor 2002; Ruddiman,2005; DeWitte, 2015。
1703333100
1703333101
33.L. White, 1962, 75; Moore, 2003b.
1703333102
1703333103
34.DeWitte, 2015.
1703333104
1703333105
35.McNeill, 1976.
1703333106
1703333107
36.根据Broadberry, Campbell and van Leeuwen, 2011的计算。同时参见：Lappé et al.2013;On declining arable productivity, Broadberry et al., 2010, 36。
1703333108
1703333109
37.Levine, 2001, 325–400; Hilton, 2003, esp. 95–133; Cohn, 2007b.
1703333110
1703333111
38.Elvin, 2004.
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