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1703333213
89.Bales, Trodd and Williamson, 2009.
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1703333215
90.Belser, 2005.
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1703333217
91.O. Patterson, 1982.
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92.完成最初的航行之后,前往殖民地船舰的船长们,都开始携带夫人、家眷和随从再次出航(Boxer, 1975)。关于这些女眷,除了偶尔的几份遗嘱之外,几乎没有其他文字记录可供查询。仅有的几份遗嘱记载了较为富裕的女眷对自己财产(奴隶、家具、衣物)如何处置的遗愿。然而,很明显的是,女性的生育受到了监督。与非奴隶身份白人女性同居的奴隶都被处死了(Vieira, 1996)。
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93.H. Klein, 2004, 225.
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1703333223
94.Federici, 2004, 77.
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95.关于早期现代欧洲和现代欧洲女性劳动的讨论,参见:Honeyman and Goodman, 1991;Frader, 2004; WiesnerHanks, 2008。还可参见:Meade and Wiesner(2004)更为广泛和卓越的讨论。Delle, Mrozowski and Paynter, 2000。
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96.正如费德里希所写的那样(Federici,2004),女巫和凯列班(既丑陋又残忍的人)——这些人分别代表女性和那些不知道自己在新秩序中位置的有色人种——他们同时都是资本主义的现象。
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97.Ibid., 92.
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1703333231
98.UNDP, 1995.
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1703333233
99.伦敦金融城,2016; Payne, 2016。
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100.Safri and Graham, 2010, 111.
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1703333237
101.Schwartz, 1985.
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1703333239
102.Carney, 2001.
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1703333241
103.Patel, 2013; Patel and McMichael, 2009.
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1703333243
104.Holt-Giménez and Patel, 2009; Aldrete, 2013. 广泛查阅:De Ste. Croix, 1981。
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105.De Vries, 1993; Brown and Hopkins, 1956.
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1703333247
106.美国农业部,2017a“,Percent of Consumer Expenditures Spent on Food, Alcoholic Beverages,and Tobacco That Were Consumed at Home, by Selected Countries, 2015”。
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1703333249
107.USDA, 2017b, tables 51–53.
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108.Ervin and Ogden, 2013; Sheiham and James, 2014. See also the work of the World Public Health Nutrition Association more generally.
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109.Verlinden, 1970.
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110.因此,这种木材是最早的“灵活作物”之一(Borras et al., 2014)。“灵活作物”指特殊的作物类型,既可以用作粮食,也可以用作饲料或者燃料原料。——编者注
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111.Boyle, 2008, 57.
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112.Vieira, 1996.
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113.Dussel, 2008.
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