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1703334281
77.Huber, 2013.
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1703334283
78.Kander, Malanima and Warde, 2013, 260–64; Painter, 2014.
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79.在1950~1973年,世界石油产量增加了7.79%,全球GDP增长了4.9%(依据Maddison,2007, 380; EPI, 2010, 2计算)。
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1703334287
80.Prashad, 2012 tells the story compellingly.
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81.Mitchell, 2011, 184.
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82.Shah of Iran, quoted in D. Smith, 1973, in Prashad, 2012, 57.
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83.K. Phillips, 2009, 15.
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1703334295
84.Panitch and Gindin, 2012.
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85.N. Klein, 2007.
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1703334299
86.Baffes et al., 2008, 60; IMF, 2008, 95; Bina, 1990; FTI Consulting, 2016; Chapman, 2014.
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1703334301
87.DARA and the Climate Vulnerable Forum, 2012.
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88.IEA, 2008, 3.
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89.Parenti, 2016.
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90.Srnicek and, 2017.
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91.Larry Lohmann关于这个问题的研究是不可或缺的。Lohmann在2008年出版的著作是此研究领域非常不错的入门书籍。
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92.IEA, 2016.
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93.在刚果民主共和国的维龙加国家公园,为保护山地大猩猩,人们主要与当地的木炭业做斗争。木炭生产商通过屠杀大猩猩使国家公园倒闭,从而获得其中的木材资源(Emmanuel DeMerode, personal commanication)。
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94.Revette, 2016.
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95.International Rivers Network, 2011.
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96.Benchimol and Peres, 2015.
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7. 廉价的生命
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1.Columbus, 2003, 114.
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2.参见:Diamond, 2005。
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3.Gramsci, 1978. See also S. Hall, 1996.
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4.Hannaford, 1996.
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