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Bureaucracies:官僚体制:cliques within 派别;communications within 沟通;control in multilevel 多层面上的控制external vs. internal view of 外部与内部的看法;failure 失败;growth of 成长;imperial bureaucratic systems 帝国主义的官僚体制;information flow in 流入的信息;limit on tasks able to perform 执行任务的限度;line vs. staff structures 直线人员与参谋人员结构;merit systems 优选制;morality with-in 其中的道德观念;politics 政治;power within 其中的权力;purposes 目的;at their worst 最大弊病;the-ory 理论
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bureaucratic free enterprise 官僚自由企业;growth of 官僚自由企业的成长;inefficiency of 官僚自由企业的无效率;U.S. government 美国政府
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bureaucratic imperialism 官僚帝国主义
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bureaucrats: absence of external norms 官僚:外部规范的缺失;characteristics of successful 成功的特点;curiosity of 官僚的好奇心;disagreements with superiors 与上级的不同意见;information flow to and from subordinates 向下属发布和收集信息;moral level of top 顶层领导的道德水平;upward and downward mobility 向上和向下的流动
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businessmen 企业人士
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Calculus of Consent, The(Buchanan and Tullock) 《同意的计算》(布坎南与塔洛克合著)
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career advancement: choice of superior to give allegiance 职业晋升:上级同意联盟的选择;conformity 一致性;ethics within organizations 组织内的道德观;flattery 谄媚;by government bureaucrats 由政府官僚进行的职业晋升;under group sovereign 处于集体领导之下;and individual choice of action 个人的行为选择;intelligence 智力;through keeping superiors informed 让上级了解情况;key to 关键做法;loyalty 忠诚度;over peers in single-sovereign situation 单个领导情形中的同僚;personal characteristics needed for success 成功必备的个人特征;self-interest 自利;of self vs. advancement of organizational goals 个人的自利与组织目标的提升;skills needed for promotion 争取晋升必备的技巧;through study of superi-ors 通过研究上级
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centrally planned economies 中央计划经济;impossibility of 不可能性
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Chain of command: functional 指挥链:职能的
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Chandler, Alfred 阿尔弗雷德·钱德勒
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Chase, Salmon P. 萨蒙·P. 蔡斯
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Chief executive officers(CEOs) 首席执行官
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China: bureaucracies in 中国的官僚体系;empire 中华帝国;government employment in classical 中国古代的政府雇员;Imperial Censorate(civil service) 中华帝国的检查(文官制度)
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Choice:选择:free vs. coerced 自由与受强制;range open to reference politici-ans 向参考政治人开放的选择范围
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Churchill, Winston 温斯顿·丘吉尔
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Civil servants: compared with corporate managers 公务员:与公司经理的比较;excess number of classes of 过多的级别;firing of 解雇;public good vs. self-interest 公众利益与自利
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civil service system:公务员制度
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coercion: in choices 强制:选择
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college professors 学院教授
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commissions:委员会:independent 独立的;inefficiency of 无效率;as mere councils 只不过是顾问委员会;uses for 用途
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communication within organizations 组织内的沟通
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competition: in business 竞争:业务方面的;by peers subject to single sover-eigns 在单个领导下的同僚竞争
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congressmen 国会议员
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construction industry example 建筑业的例子
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consumers:消费者:as ultimate sovereigns of businesses 作为企业的最高领导
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